Prognosis

Grade 1 muscle and ligament tears usually heal with conservative treatment, with minimal long-term complications.[13][21]

Grade 2 tear has high risk of tear extension in the first 4 to 6 weeks, and hence rapid return to work is to be avoided.[13][21]

Grade 3 muscle tear can be associated with significant complications such as muscle atrophy, muscle fibrosis, heterotrophic ossification, and compartment syndrome. Grade 3 ligament tear can lead to chronic instability, pain, loss of function, and secondary degenerative changes in the joint regardless of the choice of treatment.[13][21][49]

Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer