Primary prevention
Primary prevention of exercise-associated muscle cramps involves education. Athletes should be in a well-conditioned state for an event and adequately hydrated. It is recommended that at-risk muscle groups are well stretched before activity begins, but there is inadequate evidence to support this. An appropriate diet, incorporating sufficient carbohydrates, is necessary to prevent premature muscle fatigue.[28]
Secondary prevention
Secondary prophylaxis of exercise-associated muscle cramps is the same as primary preventative measures.
During management of hypoglycaemic cramps in patients with diabetes mellitus, self-monitoring of blood glucose concentrations is paramount in the adjustment of diet and drug therapy to reduce the frequency and degree of hypoglycaemic events. Avoiding precipitants of hypoglycaemia is just as important. These include moderation/abstinence of alcohol consumption, regular ingestion of meals/snacks, intake of supplemental calories before exercise, and adjustment of medication (e.g., insulin or insulin secretagogues) as needed.
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