Most patients with MVP have an excellent prognosis similar to age- and sex-matched controls.[6]Nishimura RA, McGoon MD, Shub C, et al. Echocardiographically documented mitral valve prolapse: long-term follow-up of 237 patients. N Engl J Med. 1985 Nov 21;313(21):1305-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4058522?tool=bestpractice.com
A small number will develop serious complications that include infective endocarditis, severe mitral regurgitation, and sudden cardiac death.
Patients at increased risk can be identified by clinical and echocardiographic features and will require vigilant follow-up.[25]Griffin BP. Timing of surgical intervention in chronic mitral regurgitation: is vigilance enough? Circulation. 2006 May 9;113(18):2169-72.
http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/113/18/2169
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16684872?tool=bestpractice.com
Increased risk of developing severe mitral regurgitation is associated with male sex, age greater than 45 years, elevated BMI, hypertension, left ventricular enlargement, left ventricular dysfunction, and thickened mitral valve leaflets.[5]Marks AR, Choong CY, Sanfilippo AJ, et al. Identification of high-risk and low-risk subgroups of patients with mitral-valve prolapse. N Engl J Med. 1989 Apr 20;320(16):1031-6.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2927482?tool=bestpractice.com
[6]Nishimura RA, McGoon MD, Shub C, et al. Echocardiographically documented mitral valve prolapse: long-term follow-up of 237 patients. N Engl J Med. 1985 Nov 21;313(21):1305-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4058522?tool=bestpractice.com
[40]Olson LJ, Subramanian R, Ackermann DM, et al. Surgical pathology of the mitral valve: a study of 712 cases spanning 21 years. Mayo Clin Proc. 1987 Jan;62(1):22-34.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3796056?tool=bestpractice.com
[41]Wilcken DE, Hickey AJ. Lifetime risk for patients with mitral valve prolapse of developing severe valve regurgitation requiring surgery. Circulation. 1988 Jul;78(1):10-4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3383395?tool=bestpractice.com
[42]Hayek, E, Gring GN, Griffin BP. Mitral valve prolapse. Lancet. 2005 Feb 5-11;365(9458):507-18.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15705461?tool=bestpractice.com