Differentials
Pyelonephritis
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
Fever, nausea, and vomiting. On physical examination, flank tenderness is considered pathognomonic for pyelonephritis.
INVESTIGATIONS
Elevated WBC, and positive blood cultures.
Vaginitis
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
Significant pruritus or vaginal discharge.
INVESTIGATIONS
Positive potassium hydroxide (KOH) prep/wet mount and elevated vaginal pH.
Interstitial cystitis
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
Failure to respond to antibiotics.
INVESTIGATIONS
Negative urine cultures.
Chlamydia urethritis
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
Women may experience vaginal discharge. Examination of the cervical os may reveal a cloudy or yellow discharge. Men may have a visible penile discharge.
INVESTIGATIONS
Negative urine culture, positive polymerase chain reaction test for Chlamydia.
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