Complications
May occur as part of paraneoplastic syndrome, which occurs in up to 30% of patients. Most often anaemia manifests on presentation of disease, and prognosis is worse. Many paraneoplastic manifestations improve with treatment of the primary disease (early or advanced).
Systemic treatment for metastatic disease, particularly with targeted agents, is often associated with toxicities.[180] These include haematological abnormalities (e.g., cytopenias, transaminitis), asthenia, diarrhoea, hand-foot syndrome, pneumonitis, mucositis, and rash, among others.[180] For patients on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, regular clinical assessment should be done for immune-mediated issues, including colitis, hepatitis, hypophysitis, dermatitis, and thyroiditis.[181] Most targeted agents are associated with specific side effects that need to be carefully monitored and managed while patients are on therapy.
May occur as part of paraneoplastic syndrome, which occurs in up to 30% of patients. Most often hypercalcaemia manifests on presentation of disease, and prognosis is worse. Many paraneoplastic manifestations improve with treatment of the primary disease (early or advanced).
May occur as part of paraneoplastic syndrome, which occurs in up to 30% of patients. Most often erythrocytosis manifests on presentation of disease, and prognosis is worse. Many paraneoplastic manifestations improve with treatment of the primary disease (early or advanced).
May occur as part of paraneoplastic syndrome, which occurs in up to 30% of patients. Most often SIADH manifests on presentation of disease, and prognosis is worse. Many paraneoplastic manifestations improve with treatment of the primary disease (early or advanced).
Occurs with metastatic disease or Stauffer's syndrome (liver failure due to paraneoplastic syndrome in the absence of liver metastases).
Paraneoplastic syndrome occurs in up to 30% of patients. Most often hepatic dysfunction manifests on presentation of disease, and prognosis is worse. Many paraneoplastic manifestations improve with treatment of the primary disease (early or advanced).
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