Type 1 diabetes accounts for about 5% to 10% of all patients with diabetes. It is the most commonly diagnosed diabetes of youth (under 20 years of age) and causes ≥85% of all diabetes cases in this age group worldwide.[5]Maahs DM, West NA, Lawrence JM, et al. Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2010 Sep;39(3):481-97.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2925303
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20723815?tool=bestpractice.com
It is estimated that 1,110,100 people aged 0-19 years have type 1 diabetes worldwide, with 128,900 newly diagnosed cases each year.[6]International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes atlas 9th edition. 2019 [internet publication].
https://www.diabetesatlas.org/en
There is significant geographic variation in the incidence of type 1 diabetes.[7]Forouhi NG, Wareham NJ. Epidemiology of diabetes. Medicine (Abingdon). 2014;42(12):698-702.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4282306
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25568613?tool=bestpractice.com
It is more common in Europeans and less common in Asians with age-adjusted incidence rates ranging from 0.1 per 100,000 per year in parts of China to 40.9 per 100,000 per year in Finland.[7]Forouhi NG, Wareham NJ. Epidemiology of diabetes. Medicine (Abingdon). 2014;42(12):698-702.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4282306
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25568613?tool=bestpractice.com
Worldwide, the incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing by 3% every year, although the reasons for this are unclear.[8]EURODIAB ACE Study Group. Variation and trends in incidence of childhood diabetes in Europe. Lancet. 2000 Mar 11;355(9207):873-6[9]Adeloye D, Chan KY, Thorley N, et al. Global and regional estimates of the morbidity due to type I diabetes among children aged 0-4 years: a systematic review and analysis. J Glob Health. 2018 Dec;8(2):021101.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6214490
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30410744?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Patterson CC, Gyürüs E, Rosenbauer J, et al. Trends in childhood type 1 diabetes incidence in Europe during 1989-2008: evidence of non-uniformity over time in rates of increase. Diabetologia. 2012 May 26;55(8):2142-7.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00125-012-2571-8
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22638547?tool=bestpractice.com
[11]DIAMOND Project Group. Incidence and trends of childhood Type 1 diabetes worldwide 1990-1999. Diabet Med. 2006 Aug;23(8):857-66.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16911623?tool=bestpractice.com
One report showed a more rapid increase in non-white racial and ethnic groups.[12]Mayer-Davis EJ, Lawrence JM, Dabelea D, et al; SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Incidence trends of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among youths, 2002-2012. N Engl J Med. 2017 Apr 13;376(15):1419-29.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1610187
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28402773?tool=bestpractice.com
Type 1 diabetes can present at any age, with the highest incidence observed in children aged 10-14 years.[13]Norris JM, Johnson RK, Stene LC. Type 1 diabetes-early life origins and changing epidemiology. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Mar;8(3):226-38.
https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S2213858719304127
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31999944?tool=bestpractice.com
There is a slight male predominance, particularly after puberty.[13]Norris JM, Johnson RK, Stene LC. Type 1 diabetes-early life origins and changing epidemiology. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020 Mar;8(3):226-38.
https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S2213858719304127
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31999944?tool=bestpractice.com