The incidence of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) increases with age, typically occurring in those older than 50 years and rarely in younger individuals. In a population-based study conducted in Minnesota between 2000 and 2014, the age- and sex-adjusted annual incidence of PMR was 63.9/100,000 population aged ≥50 years.[2]Raheel S, Shbeeb I, Crowson CS, et al. Epidemiology of polymyalgia rheumatica 2000-2014 and examination of incidence and survival trends over 45 years: A population-based study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2017 Aug;69(8):1282-5.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5400734
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27768840?tool=bestpractice.com
The mean age at diagnosis was 74 years, and 64% of patients were women.[2]Raheel S, Shbeeb I, Crowson CS, et al. Epidemiology of polymyalgia rheumatica 2000-2014 and examination of incidence and survival trends over 45 years: A population-based study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2017 Aug;69(8):1282-5.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5400734
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27768840?tool=bestpractice.com
Incidence appears highest in those of northern European descent.[3]Cimmino MA, Zaccaria A. Epidemiology of polymyalgia rheumatica. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2000;18:S9-S11.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10948749?tool=bestpractice.com
PMR occurs in non-white populations, but the epidemiology has not been well studied in these populations. The incidence of PMR appears to be increasing both in the US and in Europe. A geographical gradient has been observed in Europe, decreasing from north to south: the highest incidence rates have been reported in Norway and the lowest rates in Italy, Spain, and Israel.[4]Nothnagl T, Leeb BF. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica. Drugs Aging. 2006;23:391-402.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16823992?tool=bestpractice.com
[5]Soubrier M, Dubost JJ, Ristori JM. Polymyalgia rheumatica: diagnosis and treatment. Joint Bone Spine. 2006;73:599-605.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17113808?tool=bestpractice.com
Cyclic fluctuations in the incidence of PMR have been observed, and there does not appear to be an increase in mortality associated with PMR.[2]Raheel S, Shbeeb I, Crowson CS, et al. Epidemiology of polymyalgia rheumatica 2000-2014 and examination of incidence and survival trends over 45 years: A population-based study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2017 Aug;69(8):1282-5.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5400734
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27768840?tool=bestpractice.com
[6]Gonzalez-Gay MA, Vazquez-Rodriguez TR, Lopez-Diaz MJ, et al. Epidemiology of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;61:1454-1461.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19790127?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Partington R, Muller S, Mallen CD, et al. Mortality among patients with polymyalgia rheumatica: A retrospective cohort study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2020 Aug 2 [Epub ahead of print].
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acr.24403
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32741132?tool=bestpractice.com