Complications
Preventable infections include aspiration pneumonia, urinary tract infection, and cellulitis from infected pressure ulcers.
Consider either anticoagulation or use of a vena caval filter in patients who develop symptomatic deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism to prevent the development of further pulmonary emboli.[55] Use your clinical judgement to individually assess the risk-benefit balance of using (or avoiding) anticoagulant treatment in a patient with intracerebral haemorrhage and pulmonary embolism. There is no evidence to guide the management of these patients.[30]
A period of delirium is common following intracerebral haemorrhage.
At least half of all stroke survivors experience fatigue.[114] Post-stroke fatigue affects quality of life and exerts a negative impact on a patient's daily activities, such as decreased participation in physical activities and rehabilitation.[114] People with stroke should be assessed and periodically reviewed for post-stroke fatigue, including for factors that might precipitate or exacerbate fatigue (e.g., depression and anxiety, sleep disorders, pain) and these factors should be addressed accordingly. Appropriate time points for review are at discharge from hospital and then at regular intervals, including at 6 months and annually thereafter.[30]
Stroke-related dysphagia results in aspiration and subsequent pneumonia.[64]
A dysphagia screen is recommended in stroke patients before oral intake.
When aspiration pneumonia occurs, treatment is with antibiotics with consideration of enteral feeding.
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