Prognosis

The prognosis for each immune-mediated transfusion reaction varies considerably according to the type of reaction.

Acute haemolytic transfusion reaction

The severity of these reactions varies greatly and is related to the volume of incompatible blood transfused.[3] Mortality from acute haemolytic transfusion reaction is reported at around 1 per 1.8million transfused RBC units.​[49]

Febrile non-haemolytic transfusion reaction

These episodes are benign in nature and self-limited, resolving shortly after discontinuation of the transfusion. If no clinical concern for haemolysis exists, transfusion may be resumed. Alternatively, the patient may be transfused with a new component.[1]

Allergic reaction

Most episodes are relatively mild (primarily urticarial reactions) and respond promptly to antihistamine administration. Anaphylactic reactions, however, may result in severe morbidity (such as anoxic brain injury) or mortality if hypoxia is profound and/or prolonged.

Delayed haemolytic transfusion reaction

Most episodes are benign in nature and self-limited, or even subclinical.

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease

Almost universally fatal.[9][30]

Post-transfusion purpura

Spontaneous recovery, usually within a few weeks.[47][48]

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