Summary
Definition
History and exam
Key diagnostic factors
- shoulder stiffness
- decreased shoulder active range of motion
- decreased shoulder passive range of motion
- positive coracoid pain test
- positive shoulder shrug test
Other diagnostic factors
- presence of risk factors
- shoulder pain
- alternative diagnosis not suggested by provocative manoeuvres
- negative Spurling manoeuvre (to exclude cervical spine radiculopathy)
- negative Hawkins test (to exclude rotator cuff impingement)
- negative Neer test (to exclude shoulder impingement)
- negative Speed test (to exclude superior labrum from anterior to posterior [SLAP] tear)
- negative O'Brien test (to exclude superior labrum from anterior to posterior [SLAP] lesion)
- negative Yergason test (to exclude proximal biceps tendon pathology)
- negative apprehension test (to exclude anterior shoulder instability)
- negative relocation test (to further exclude anterior shoulder instability)
- negative Kim test (to exclude posteroinferior labral lesion of the shoulder)
Risk factors
- age 40 to 70 years
- diabetes mellitus
- prior history of adhesive capsulitis
- shoulder pain and immobilisation
- previous shoulder surgery
- female sex
- thyroid disease
Diagnostic investigations
Treatment algorithm
Contributors
Authors
Matthew T. Provencher, MD, CAPT MC USNR
Complex Shoulder Knee and Sports Surgery
The Steadman Clinic
Steadman Philippon Research Institute
Vail
CO
Disclosures
MTP is a consultant for Arthrex and Joint Restoration Foundation. MTP receives royalties from Arthrex and has received an honorarium from Arthrosurface. He receives research funding from Vail Health and Steadman Philippon Research Institute.
Lance LeClere, MD, LCDR MC USN
Staff Surgeon
Team Physician
Orthopaedic Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery
Naval Health Clinic
US Naval Academy
Annapolis
MD
Disclosures
LL declares that he has no competing interests.
Jennifer Smith, MD, LCDR MC USN
Staff Surgeon
Orthopaedic Sports Surgery
Naval Medical Center San Diego
San Diego
CA
Disclosures
JS declares that she has no competing interests.
Peer reviewers
Matthew Busam, MD
Orthopedic Surgeon
Cincinnati Sports Medicine Research and Education Foundation
Cincinnati
OH
Disclosures
MB declares that he has no competing interests.
Daniel Solomon, MD
Co-Director of Orthopedic Sports and Shoulder Service
Department of Orthopedic Surgery
Naval Medical Center San Diego
San Diego
CA
Disclosures
DS declares that he has no competing interests.
Steven Corbett, BSc, PhD, FRCS (Tr & Orth)
Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon
Guy's and St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
London
UK
Disclosures
SC declares that he has no competing interests.
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