SLE presents a significant disease burden worldwide. The incidence and prevalence of SLE are affected by gender, race, and ethnicity.[6]Rees F, Doherty M, Grainge MJ, et al. The worldwide incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review of epidemiological studies. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017 Nov 1;56(11):1945-61.
https://academic.oup.com/rheumatology/article/56/11/1945/4079913
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28968809?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Stojan G, Petri M. Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus: an update. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2018 Mar;30(2):144-50.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6026543
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29251660?tool=bestpractice.com
Methods applied to study the epidemiology of SLE have limitations. Studies have primarily focused on white populations and most have been conducted in small, well-defined geographical areas.
The highest reported incidence of SLE is in North America (23.2 per 100,000 person-years), and the lowest reported incidences are in Africa and the Ukraine (0.3 per 100,000 person-years).[6]Rees F, Doherty M, Grainge MJ, et al. The worldwide incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review of epidemiological studies. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017 Nov 1;56(11):1945-61.
https://academic.oup.com/rheumatology/article/56/11/1945/4079913
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28968809?tool=bestpractice.com
In the UK, the incidence of SLE has been estimated to be 4.91 per 100,000 person-years.[8]Rees F, Doherty M, Grainge M, et al. The incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in the UK, 1999-2012. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Jan;75(1):136-41.
https://ard.bmj.com/content/75/1/136.long
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25265938?tool=bestpractice.com
Incidence is higher in women than in men; reported sex ratios range from 2:1 to 15:1.[8]Rees F, Doherty M, Grainge M, et al. The incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in the UK, 1999-2012. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Jan;75(1):136-41.
https://ard.bmj.com/content/75/1/136.long
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25265938?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]Mitchet CJ Jr, McKenna CH, Elveback LR, et al. Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases in Rochester, Minnesota, 1950 through 1979. Mayo Clin Proc. 1985 Feb;60(2):105-13.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3974288?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Flower C, Hennis AJ, Hambleton IR, et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus in an African Caribbean population: incidence, clinical manifestations, and survival in the Barbados National Lupus Registry. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012 Aug;64(8):1151-8.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acr.21656
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22392730?tool=bestpractice.com
Peak age of onset ranges from 30 to 70 years in women and between 50 and 70 years in men.[6]Rees F, Doherty M, Grainge MJ, et al. The worldwide incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review of epidemiological studies. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017 Nov 1;56(11):1945-61.
https://academic.oup.com/rheumatology/article/56/11/1945/4079913
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28968809?tool=bestpractice.com
[8]Rees F, Doherty M, Grainge M, et al. The incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in the UK, 1999-2012. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Jan;75(1):136-41.
https://ard.bmj.com/content/75/1/136.long
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25265938?tool=bestpractice.com
The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention National Lupus Registries estimated the prevalence of SLE in the US at 72.8 per 100,000 person-years.[11]Izmirly PM, Parton H, Wang L, et al. Prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in the United States: estimates from a meta-analysis of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Lupus Registries. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021 Jun;73(6):991-6.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33474834?tool=bestpractice.com
The prevalence estimate was nine times higher among women than among men (128.7 per 100,000 versus 14.6 per 100,000, respectively). Prevalence was highest among African Americans (230.9 per 100,000 and 26.7 per 100,000 for women and for men, respectively), followed by Hispanics (120.7 per 100,000 and 18.0 per 100,000, respectively), and lowest in white populations (84.7 per 100,000 and 8.9 per 100,000, respectively).[11]Izmirly PM, Parton H, Wang L, et al. Prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in the United States: estimates from a meta-analysis of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Lupus Registries. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021 Jun;73(6):991-6.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33474834?tool=bestpractice.com
Global epidemiological data appear to confirm differences reported between ethnic groups in the US. [6]Rees F, Doherty M, Grainge MJ, et al. The worldwide incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review of epidemiological studies. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017 Nov 1;56(11):1945-61.
https://academic.oup.com/rheumatology/article/56/11/1945/4079913
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28968809?tool=bestpractice.com
Evidence suggests that prevalence of SLE in the UK is increasing.[6]Rees F, Doherty M, Grainge MJ, et al. The worldwide incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review of epidemiological studies. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2017 Nov 1;56(11):1945-61.
https://academic.oup.com/rheumatology/article/56/11/1945/4079913
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28968809?tool=bestpractice.com
[8]Rees F, Doherty M, Grainge M, et al. The incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in the UK, 1999-2012. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Jan;75(1):136-41.
https://ard.bmj.com/content/75/1/136.long
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25265938?tool=bestpractice.com