Migraine is very common, affecting an estimated 1.16 billion people worldwide in 2021.[5]GBD 2021 Nervous System Disorders Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Neurol. 2024 Apr;23(4):344-81.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(24)00038-3/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38493795?tool=bestpractice.com
It is one of the most disabling neurological disorders.[5]GBD 2021 Nervous System Disorders Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Neurol. 2024 Apr;23(4):344-81.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(24)00038-3/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38493795?tool=bestpractice.com
US National Health Interview Survey data from 2018 suggest that migraine affects around 1 in 6 people (15.9% total prevalence; 21.0% female, 10.7% male) over a 3-month period.[6]Burch R, Rizzoli P, Loder E. The prevalence and impact of migraine and severe headache in the United States: updated age, sex, and socioeconomic-specific estimates from government health surveys. Headache. 2021 Jan;61(1):60-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33349955?tool=bestpractice.com
Chronic migraine prevalence is estimated at 0.91%.[7]Cohen F, Brooks CV, Sun D, et al. Prevalence and burden of migraine in the United States: a systematic review. Headache. 2024 May;64(5):516-32.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38700185?tool=bestpractice.com
Prevalence of migraine or severe headache was reported to be higher in American-Indians and Alaska Natives (22.1%) than in black and African American people (15.6%), and white people (16.3%), with the lowest prevalence in Asian-Americans (9.1%).[6]Burch R, Rizzoli P, Loder E. The prevalence and impact of migraine and severe headache in the United States: updated age, sex, and socioeconomic-specific estimates from government health surveys. Headache. 2021 Jan;61(1):60-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33349955?tool=bestpractice.com
A higher migraine burden was reported in people aged 18 to 44 years, people who were unemployed, and people with a lower household income.[6]Burch R, Rizzoli P, Loder E. The prevalence and impact of migraine and severe headache in the United States: updated age, sex, and socioeconomic-specific estimates from government health surveys. Headache. 2021 Jan;61(1):60-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33349955?tool=bestpractice.com
The highest migraine prevalence is reported in Western Europe, Australasia, and parts of the Americas, North Africa, and South Asia, but reliable data are not available for many countries.[8]GBD 2016 Headache Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of migraine and tension-type headache, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Nov;17(11):954-76.
https://www.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30322-3
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30353868?tool=bestpractice.com
In one study, the proportion of adults in Europe reporting migraine was 14%.[9]Stovner IJ, Zwart, J-A, Hagen K, et al. Epidemiology of headache in Europe. Eur J Neurol. 2006 Apr;13(4):333-45.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01184.x
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16643310?tool=bestpractice.com
The estimated 1-year prevalence of migraine among adults in China, Japan, and South Korea ranged from 6% to 14%, but levels of disease awareness and diagnosis were low.[10]Takeshima T, Wan Q, Zhang Y, et al. Prevalence, burden, and clinical management of migraine in China, Japan, and South Korea: a comprehensive review of the literature. J Headache Pain. 2019 Dec 5;20(1):111.
https://www.doi.org/10.1186/s10194-019-1062-4
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31805851?tool=bestpractice.com
Before puberty, migraine prevalence is higher in boys than in girls, but following adolescence it becomes more common in women of all ages. Migraine is around three times more prevalent among women than men, with young and middle-aged women particularly affected.[8]GBD 2016 Headache Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of migraine and tension-type headache, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Nov;17(11):954-76.
https://www.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30322-3
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30353868?tool=bestpractice.com
[11]Ashina M, Katsarava Z, Do TP, et al. Migraine: epidemiology and systems of care. Lancet. 2021 Apr 17;397(10283):1485-95.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33773613?tool=bestpractice.com
Prevalence declines with age in both sexes.[12]Steiner TJ, Stovner LJ, Vos T. GBD 2015: migraine is the third cause of disability in under 50s. J Headache Pain. 2016 Dec;17(1):104.
https://thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10194-016-0699-5
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27844455?tool=bestpractice.com