Skip to content
1981
Volume 7, Issue 2
  • ISSN: 2050-4039
  • E-ISSN: 2050-4047

Abstract

Abstract

The kingdom of Tonga known as the Friendly Islands is a bilingual country where the official languages are Tongan () and English (). In a bilingual environment like Tonga, the ability to translate effectively between the two languages is a fundamental skill to communicate well and to achieve academic success. The main focus of this article is to approach translation through a sociocultural lens, and more specifically, through a Tongan-inspired tāvāist perspective: 'Okusitino's Māhina's ('Time–Space') Theory of Reality. This theory has influenced a range of practices from many disciplines and social activities, such as translation. Theorizing translation in and across ('time') and ('space') informs the relationships between languages, cultures and educational backgrounds in the transmission of ' ('knowledge') and ('skills') among all members of the society. In exploring the theory this article will consider two translation case studies of English to Tongan literature: Lewis Carroll's (1865) and Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's (1943).

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1386/nzps_00004_1
2019-10-01
2025-04-20
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Addo, Ping-Ann. (2017);, 'Geographies of textile authenticity: Marking Tongan temporal and social relationships in diasporic cultural production'. , Pacific Studies, 40:1&2 (April-August), pp. 18-30.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Bain, Kenneth. (1967), The Friendly Islanders: A Story of Queen Salote and Her People, London:: Hodder & Stoughton;.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Bain, Kenneth. (1993), The New Friendly Islanders, London:: Hodder & Stoughton;.
    [Google Scholar]
  4. Barry, Anita K.. (2008), Linguist Perspectives on Language and Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ:: Pearson;.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Blamires, Gwen G.. (1939), Little Island Kingdom of the South, Edinburgh:: Bishop & Sons;.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Carroll, Lewis. (1987), Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass, Harmondsworth:: Penguin;.
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Carroll, Lewis. (2014), Alisi 'i he Fonua 'o e Fakaofo. Liliu Ki Hea Lea Faka-Tonga (trans. Siutaula Cocker, and Telesia Kalavite.), Westport:: Evertype;.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Churchward, C. Maxwell. (1959), Tongan Dictionary, Nuku'alofa:: Government Printing Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. De Saint-Exupéry, Antoine. (2016), The Little Prince (trans. N. Sauer.), Schneckenlohe, Bavaria:: Edition Tintenfass;.
    [Google Scholar]
  10. De Saint-Exupéry, Antoine. (2018), Ko e Ki'i Pilinisi (trans. T. Kalavite.), Schneckenlohe:: Edition Tintenfass;.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Downes, William. (1998), Language and Society, , 2nd. ed., Cambridge:: Cambridge University Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Farmer, Sarah Stock. (1976), Tonga and the Friendly Islands, Canberra:: Kalia Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  13. Gailey, Christina Ward. (1987), Kinship to Kingship: Gender Hierarchy and State Formation in the Tongan Islands, Austin, TX:: University of Texas Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Georgina, Dianna M.. (2017);, 'Circles of self: Tā-Vā expressed in traditional Samoan dance, culture and self'. , Pacific Studies, 40:1&2 (April-August), pp. 31-61.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Gifford, Edward Winslow. ([1929] 1985), Tongan Society, New York:: Kraus Reprint;.
    [Google Scholar]
  16. Gotved, Stine. (2006);, 'Time and space in cyber social reality'. , New Media & Society, 8:3, pp. 467-86.
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Ka'ili, Tevita O.. (2008);, 'Tauhi Vā: Creating beauty through the art of sociospatial relations'. , unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Seattle:: University of Washington;.
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Ka'ili, Tevita O.. (2017a), Marking Indigeneity: The Tongan Art of Sociospatial Relations, Tucson, AZ:: University of Arizona Press;.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Ka'ili, Tevita O.. (2017b);, 'Tāvani: Intertwining tā and vā in Tongan reality and philology'. , Pacific Studies, 40:1&2, pp. 62-78.
    [Google Scholar]
  20. Ka'ili, Tevita O.,, Māhina, Ōkusitino, and Addo, Ping-Ann. (2017);, 'Introduction: Tā-Vā (Time-Space): The birth of an indigenous Moana theory'. , Pacific Studies, 40:1&2 (April-August), pp. 1-17.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Kalavite, Telesia. (2010);, 'Fononga 'A Fakahalafononga: Tongan Students' journey to academic achievement in New Zealand tertiary education'. , unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Hamilton:: University of Waikato;.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Kalavite, Telesia. (2012);, 'Kāinga: An ancient solution for contemporary challenges of Tongan students' academic achievement in New Zealand tertiary education'. , Journal of Pacific Studies, 32, pp. 1-10.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Kalavite, Telesia. (2014);, 'Exploring Pacific-Tongan research approaches'. , in Peggy Fairbairn-Dunlop, and Eve Coxon. (eds), Talanoa: Building a Pasifika Research Culture, Auckland:: Dunmore Publishing;, pp. 159-77.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Kalavite, Telesia. (2017);, 'Ta-Va Kainga, time-space relationships Theory of Reality and Tongan students journey to academic achievement in New Zealand Tertiary Education'. , Pacific Studies, 40:1&2 (April-August), pp. 79-104.
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Māhina, 'Okusitino. (2005);, 'Tatau, Potupotutatau and Mālie: A realist reflection on the symmetry, harmony and beauty of Queen Sālote's poetry'. , in Ian Campbell, and Eve Coxon. (eds), Polynesian Paradox: Essays in Honour of 'I Futa Helu, Suva:: Institute of Pacific Studies, University of the South Pacific;, pp. 168-83.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Māhina, 'Okusitino. (2008);, 'From Vale (ignorance) to 'ILO (knowledge) to Poto (skill) the Tongan theory of Ako (education): Theorising old problems anew'. , AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples, 4:1, pp. 67-96.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Māhina, 'Okusitino. (2009);, 'Review essay: Elizabeth Wood-Ellem. , ed. Songs and poems of Queen Sālote. Trans. Taumoefolau, Melenaite. ', Pacific Studies, 32:4, pp. 505-11.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Māhina, 'Okusitino. (2017a);, 'Time, space, and culture: A new Ta-Va theory of Moana anthropology'. , Pacific Studies, 40:1&2 (April-August), pp. 105-32.
    [Google Scholar]
  29. Māhina, 'Okusitino. (2017b); 'Takohi: Drawing in Tongan thinking and practice'. Pacific Studies, 40:1&2 (April-August), pp. 133-53.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Māhina, 'Okusitino,, Ka'ili, Tevita O., and Ka'ili, Anapesi. (2006), Koe ngaahi 'ata mei he hisitolia mo e kalatua 'o Tonga: Ke tufunga'i ha lea Tonga fakaako, Auckland:: Center for Pacific Studies, University of Auckland;.
    [Google Scholar]
  31. Māhina-Tuai, Kolokesa U.. (2017);, 'Tatau: Symmetry, harmony, and beauty in the art of Sēmisi Fetokai Potauaine'. , Pacific Studies, 40:1&2 (April-August), pp. 245-66.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Munday, Jeremy. (2016), Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications, , 4th. ed., London:: Routledge;.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. New Zealand Ministry of Education (2009);, 'Why are these qualifications important?'. , Pasifika Education Newsletter: Central North Region, 3:2.
    [Google Scholar]
  34. Potauaine, Semisi F.. (2017);, 'Tatau: Symmetry as conflict mediation of line-space intersection'. , Pacific Studies, 40:1&2 (April-August), pp. 154-79.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Refiti, Albert L.. (2017);, 'How the Ta-Va theory of reality constructs a spatial exposition of Samoan architecture'. , Pacific Studies, 40:1&2 (April-August), pp. 267-88.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Richardson, Tim, and Jensen, Ole B.. (2003);, 'Linking discourse and space: Towards a cultural sociology of space in analysing spatial policy discourses'. , Urban Studies, 40:1, pp. 7-22.
    [Google Scholar]
  37. Rosi, Pamela. (2017);, 'Concepts of Ta-Va (time-space) in the art practice of Samoan-Aotearoa artist Shigeyuki Kihara'. , Pacific Studies, 40:1&2 (April-August), pp. 289-326.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. Seve-William, Nuhisifa. (2017);, 'Reading realities through Ta-Va'. , Pacific Studies, 40:1&2 (April-August), pp. 180-93.
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Siegfried, Tom. (2008);, 'It's likely that times are changing'. , Science News, 174:6, pp. 26-29.
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Taumoefolau, Melenaite. (2006);, 'Mahu'inga 'o e lea faka-Tonga: The importance of the Tongan language'. , Kosilio 'a fafine Tonga Nu'usila Conference, Palmerston North, 30 September-2 October .
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Taumoefolau, Melenaite. (2012);, 'Tongan ways of talking'. , The Journal of the Polynesian Society, 121:4, pp. 327-37.
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Taumoefolau, Melenaite. (2013);, 'Respect, solidarity, and resilience in Pacific worldviews: A counseling perspective'. , in Margaret Nelson Agee,, Tracey McIntosh,, Philip Culbertson, and Cabrini 'Ofa Makasiale. (eds), Pacific Identities and Well-Being: Cross-Cultural Perspectives, New York:: Routledge;, pp. 115-41.
    [Google Scholar]
  43. Tonga Department of Statistics (2017), Tonga 2016 Census of Population and Housing: Volume 1 Basic Tables and Administrative Report, Nuku'alofa:: Government Printing;.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Van der Ryn, Fepulea'i Micah. (2017);, 'Samoan tā-vā (time-space) concepts and practices in language, society, and architecture'. , Pacific Studies, 40:1&2 (April-August), pp. 212-43.
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Volkel, Svenja. (2010), Social Structure, Space and Possession in Tongan Culture and Language: An Ethnolinguistic Study, Amsterdam and Philadelphia:: John Benjamins Publishing Company;.
    [Google Scholar]
  46. Kalavite, Telesia. (2019);, 'Tongan translation realities across Tā ("Time") and Vā ("Space")'. , Journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies, 7:2, pp. 173-83, doi: https://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2102/10.1386/nzps_00004_1
    [Google Scholar]
/content/journals/10.1386/nzps_00004_1
Loading
This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test