Skip to content
1981
image of DEI representation on Instagram: An analysis of two fast fashion retailers

Abstract

As fashion retailers have started to emphasize their responsibility in society, the significance of diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) in the fashion industry has increased. This study explores the DEI commitments made by two fast fashion retailers (i.e. H&M and Zara) to examine whether they uphold and portray their DEI commitments through their Instagram postings by focusing on the following four DEI subcategories: people of colour, size inclusivity, LGBTQIA+ and physical disabilities. The study first analysed each retailer’s DEI statement to determine what claims each retailer makes regarding DEI. The data collection process comprised an examination of Instagram posts during the first week of every month from February 2021 to January 2022 utilizing the National Retail Federation (NRF) 4-5-4 calendar. Researchers collected qualitative/quantitative data and used content/comparative analysis to analyse the data. The findings indicated that representation might not be as equitable as their claims state. Based on the findings of this research, the study provides practical implications for enhancing DEI representation in retailers’ Instagram posts and marketing to facilitate more effective communication. Further, this study contributes to the existing literature on DEI commitments in the fashion industry by highlighting the practices of fast fashion retailers in their Instagram posts and marketing.

Loading

Article metrics loading...

/content/journals/10.1386/fspc_00210_1
2023-09-07
2025-05-01
Loading full text...

Full text loading...

References

  1. Ahuja, Taneesha (2021), ‘LGBTQ+ inclusion in the fashion industry’, Fashion Law Journal, 12 August, https://fashionlawjournal.com/lgbtq-inclusivity-in-the-fashion-industry/. Accessed 8 December 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  2. Arsel, Zeynep, Crockett, David and Scott, Maura L. (2022), ‘Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in the Journal of Consumer Research: A curation and research agenda’, Journal of Consumer Research, 48:5, pp. 92033.
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Barnhart, Brent (2022), ‘41 of the most important social media marketing statistics for 2022’, Sprout Social, 19 April, https://sproutsocial.com/insights/social-media-statistics/. Accessed 8 December 2022.
  4. BBC News (2012), ‘Facebook seals Instagram takeover’, BBC News, 6 September, https://www.bbc.com/news/business-19514191. Accessed 8 December 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  5. Bhardwaj, Vertica and Fairhurst, Ann (2010), ‘Fast-fashion: Response to changes in the fashion industry’, The International Review of Retail: Distribution and Consumer Research, 20:1, pp. 16573.
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Boston University (2022), ‘BU study finds plus size models rising presence on social media’, Chobanian Avedisian School of Medicine, 18 July, https://www.bumc.bu.edu/busm/2022/07/18/bu-study-finds-plus-size-models-rising-presence-on-social-media/. Accessed 1 March 2023.
  7. Christel, Deborah A. and Dunn, Susan C. (2016), ‘Average American women’s clothing size: Comparing National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys (1988–2010) to ASTM International Misses & Women’s Plus Size clothing’, International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology, & Education, 10:2, pp. 12936.
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Dion, Delphine and Tachet, Béatrice (2020), ‘Dynamics between market categories: A study of the (in) visibility of the plus-size fashion market’, Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition), 35:1, pp. 6283.
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Dong, Sarah (2021), ‘The history and growth of the diversity, equity, and inclusion profession’, Global Research and Consulting Group Insights, 2 June, https://insights.grcglobalgroup.com/the-history-and-growth-of-the-diversity-equity-and-inclusion-profession/. Accessed 3 May 2022.
  10. Erkan, Ismail (2015), ‘Electronic word of mouth on Instagram: Customers’ engagement with brands in different sectors’, International Journal of Management. Accounting and Economics, 2:12, pp. 143544.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Feehan, Blair (2022), ‘2022 social media industry benchmark report’, Rival IQ, 15 February, https://www.rivaliq.com/blog/social-media-industry-benchmark-report/. Accessed 8 December 2022.
  12. Forbes Magazine (2022), ‘Council post: 11 brands that successfully model diverse and inclusive advertising’, Forbes, 15 November, https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbescommunicationscouncil/2022/07/15/11-brands-that-successfully-model-diverse-and-inclusive-advertising/?sh=21b1b68257b9. Accessed 1 March 2023.
  13. Gap Inc. (2022), ‘Gap’s back-to-school campaign, “EVERYONE BELONGS,” spotlights real kids with unique abilities and differences who inspire and embody inclusion’, Gap Inc, 27 July, https://www.gapinc.com/en-us/articles/2022/07/gap-s-back-to-school-campaign,-everyone-belongs,%E2%80%9D-. Accessed 26 April 2023.
  14. Gross, Bruce H. and Hahn, Harlan (2004), ‘Developing issues in the classification of mental and physical disabilities’, Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 15:3, pp. 13034.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. H&M Group (2021), ‘History’, H&M Group, https://hmgroup.com/about-us/history/. Accessed 3 May 2022.
  16. H&M Group (2022a), ‘Inclusion and diversity’, H&M Group, https://hmgroup.com/about-us/inclusion-and-diversity/. Accessed 3 May 2022.
  17. H&M Group (2022b), ‘Size guide for men’s clothing: Men’s size chart: H&M U.S.’, H&M, https://www2.hm.com/en_us/customer-service/sizeguide/men.html. Accessed 8 December 2022.
  18. H&M Group (2022c), ‘Women’s clothing size guide: Ladies’ size chart: H&M U.S.’, H&M, https://www2.hm.com/en_us/customer-service/sizeguide/ladies.html. Accessed 8 December 2022.
  19. Hayes, Adam (2021), ‘Fast fashion explained and how it impacts retail manufacturing’, Investopedia, 16 September, https://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/fast-fashion.asp. Accessed 11 April 2022.
  20. Huang, Yi-Ting and Su, Sheng-Fang (2018), ‘Motives for Instagram use and topics of interest among young adults’, Future Internet, 10:8, pp. 7712.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Huber, Eliza (2022), ‘Here’s what “plus-size” really means – fashion brands, take note’, Refinery29, 14 April https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2021/08/10615815/what-is-considered-plus-size-fashion-model. Accessed 8 December 2022.
  22. Huey, Lim Sook and Yazdanifard, Rashad (2014), ‘How Instagram can be used as a tool in social network marketing’, Center for Southern New Hampshire University, 7:4, pp. 12224.
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Inditex (2022a), ‘Equality and diversity: How we do business’, Inditex, https://www.inditex.com/our-commitment-to-people/our-employees/equality-diversity. Accessed 3 May 2022.
  24. Inditex (2022b), ‘Our story’, Inditex, https://www.inditex.com/about-us/our-story. Accessed 3 May 2022.
  25. Kaplan, Andreas M. and Haenlein, Michael (2010), ‘Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media’, Business Horizons, 53:1, pp. 5968.
    [Google Scholar]
  26. Lybeck, Karen, Schomberg, Jessica and Scott, Kristin (2021), ‘Diversity, equity & inclusion program learning outcomes considerations’, White paper, Mankato, MN: Minnesota State University Mankato, pp. 15.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Maderer, Jason (2014), ‘Face it: Instagram pictures with faces are more popular’, Georgia Tech: News Center, 20 March, https://news.gatech.edu/news/2014/03/20/face-it-instagram-pictures-faces-are-more-popular. Accessed 8 December 2022.
  28. McBride, Seth (2018), ‘Aerie steps up inclusive advertising with wheelchair-using underwear model’, New Mobility, 30 July, https://newmobility.com/aerie-inclusive-advertising/. Accessed 26 April 2023.
  29. McCleish, Danielle (2022), ‘Diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts of fashion retailers’, University Research Symposium, 4 January, https://ir.library.illinoisstate.edu/rsp_urs/389/. Accessed 8 December 2022.
  30. Mettler, Kristen (2020), ‘The 30th mark – A look at the history of the Americans with disabilities act’, NCLD, 1 July, https://www.ncld.org/news/ada-30/. Accessed 8 December 2022.
  31. NRF (2022), ‘4-5-4 calendar’, NRF, https://nrf.com/resources/4-5-4-calendar. Accessed 11 December 2022.
  32. Pérez, Efrén (2020), ‘“People of color” are protesting. Here’s what you need to know about this new identity’, The Washington Post, 2 July, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/07/02/people-color-are-protesting-heres-what-you-need-know-about-this-new-identity/. Accessed 8 December 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  33. Powell, Laurel (2021), ‘We are here: Adult population in United States reaches at least 20 million, according to Human Rights Campaign Foundation Report’, Human Rights Campaign, 9 December, https://www.hrc.org/press-releases/we-are-here-lgbtq-adult-population-in-united-states-reaches-at-least-20-million-according-to-human-rights-campaign-foundation-report. Accessed 8 December 2022.
  34. Quijada, del María Rocío Bonilla, Arriaga, José Luis Del Olmo and Domingo, David Andreu (2020), ‘Insights into user engagement on social media. Findings from two fashion retailers’, Electronic Markets, 31:1, pp. 12537.
    [Google Scholar]
  35. Riffe, Daniel, Lacy, Stephen, Fico, Frederick and Watson, Brendan (1998), Analyzing Media Messages: Using Quantitative Content Analysis in Research, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Sutton, Samantha (2023), ‘What is the difference between size-inclusive and plus size?’, InStyle, 30 January, https://www.instyle.com/fashion/difference-between-size-inclusive-vs-plus-size. Accessed 1 March 2023.
  37. Thomas, Giles (2018), ‘How to drive ecommerce sales from Instagram’, Rise Pro, https://risepro.co/instagram-ecommerce/. Accessed 8 December 2022.
    [Google Scholar]
  38. United States Government (2022), ‘U.S. Census Bureau quickfacts: United States’, United States Census Bureau, https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045221. Accessed 11 December 2022.
  39. UPMC (2021), ‘Understanding LGBTQIA+ identities; UPMC HealthBeat’, UPMC: Health Beat, 21 June, https://share.upmc.com/2021/06/understanding-lgbtqia-identities/. Accessed 8 December 2022.
  40. Wang, Tina Yinyin (2010), ‘Consumer behavior characteristics in fast fashion’, Publication no. 2010.13.16, Master’s thesis, Borås: Textilhogskolan, Diva Portal Publishing.
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Yannetta, Tiffany (2014), ‘JCPenney’s “real size mannequins” include woman in wheelchair’, Racked NY, 15 July, https://ny.racked.com/2014/7/15/7586569/jcpenney-real-mannequins. Accessed 1 March 2023.
  42. Zara (2022), ‘Product: Help-sizes’, Zara, https://www.zara.com/us/en/help/sizes-h11.html. Accessed 8 December 2022.
/content/journals/10.1386/fspc_00210_1
Loading
/content/journals/10.1386/fspc_00210_1
Loading

Data & Media loading...

This is a required field
Please enter a valid email address
Approval was a success
Invalid data
An error occurred
Approval was partially successful, following selected items could not be processed due to error
Please enter a valid_number test