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A Tribe Laud West : Hip-Hop and Its Influence on Tribal Gear and A New Chicano Generation

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References

  1. 2Pac, Roger and Dr. Dre ([1995] 1998), “California Love”, Greatest Hits, https://open.spotify.com/track/3ia3dJETSOllPsv3LJkE35?si=e82c1e6a43674c93. Accessed 5 October 2023.
  2. Ágq, R. (2007). Migration, ethnicity, and interactions between the United States and Hispanic Caribbean popular culture. Latin American Perspectives, 34(1), 8393. http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2188/10.1177/0094582X06296339
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  3. Ahearn, C. (Director). (1983). Wild Style [Film]. Wild Style Productions, Inc. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CIlEC2V88hc
  4. Anon. (n.d.). April Walker. Retrieved May 31, 2023, from https://walkerwear.com/pages/about-us
  5. Anon. (2012, May 22). Will.i.am credits crazy clothes with saving him from gang life. The Express. https://www.express.co.uk/celebrity-news/321723/will-i-am-credits-crazy-clothes-with-saving-him-from-gang-life
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  6. Baker-Kimmons, L., & McFarland, P. (2011). The rap on Chicano and Black masculinity: A content analysis of gender images in rap lyrics. Race, Gender & Class, 18(1/2), 331344. http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2089/stable/23884882
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Balasandiran, T. (2019). Hispanic heritage month: The Latin influence on hip hop. Ketchum. https://www.ketchum.com/hispanic-heritage-month-the-latin-influence-on-hip-hop/
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Bloch, S. (2016). Why do graffiti writers write on murals? The birth, life, and slow death of freeway murals in Los Angeles. International Journal of Urban Regional, 40, 451471. https://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2102/10.1111/1468-2427.12345
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Cesaretti, G. (2021, January 1). A guided tour of Chicano graffiti. Street Writers. https://streetwriters.com/
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Chappell, B. (2010). Custom contestations: Lowriders and urban space. City & Society, 22, 2547. https://doi-org.ezproxy.uwl.ac.uk/10.1111/j.1548-744X.2010.01029.x
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Charles, M. (2018). MDA as a research method of generic musical analysis for the social sciences: Sifting through grime (music) as an SFT case study. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 17(1), 111. https://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2102/10.1177/1609406918797021
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  12. Chicano Park. (n.d.). National landmark local treasure. Retrieved May 31, 2023, from https://www.sandiego.org/articles/parks-gardens/chicano-park.aspx
  13. Cortes, L., & Khalid, F. (2019). The remix: Hip hop X fashion. Oddball tribeca film. http://websites.umich.edu/~ac213/student_projects06/tylaxe/justifying.html
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Cox, C. (2017). The world atlas of street fashion. Mitchel Beazley.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Cross Colors (n.d.). Retrieved May 31, 2023, from https://crosscolours.com/pages/cross-colours-history
  16. Daichendt, G. J. (2019). As it turns 30, San Diego's Tribal Streatweal still keeping it real. The San Diego Union-Tribune. https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/lifestyle/story/2019-12-01/tribal-streetwear-turns-30-and-represents-san-diego-around-the-world
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  17. Diaz, E. (2020, April 28). Fifty years ago, fed up with the city's neglect, a San Diego community rose up to vreae Chicano Park. Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/fifty-years-ago-fed-citys-neglect-san-diego-community-rose-create-chicano-park-180974764/
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  18. Delgado. (1998). Chicano ideology revisited: Rap music and the (re)articulation of Chicanismo. Western Journal of Communication, 62(2), Spring, 95113.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Dike, J. (2016, October 19). Why you've never heard of the most popular font in streetwear history. HypeBeast. https://hypebeast.com/2016/10/life-of-pablo-font-streetwear-deeper-history142
  20. Estiler, K. (2018, May 7). Beyond the street gathers leading international artists for monumental exhibition. HypeBeast. https://hypebeast.com/2018/5/beyond-the-streets-festival-2018-recap
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Fanon, F. (2001). The wretched of the earth (Reprint ed.). Penguin Classics.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Foley, G. (2020, n.d.). The trends & brands that defined ‘90s hip-hop fashion. HighSnobriety Online. https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/90s-hip-hop-fashion/
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Ford, M. (Director). (2016). Streets of Compton [Film]. Entertainment One.
  24. Gamboa, S., McCausland, B., Lederman, J., & Popken, B. (2021, June 18). Bulldozed and bisected: Highway construction built a legacy of inequality. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/specials/america-highways-inequality/
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Gastman, R. (n.d.). Art in the streets. Retrieved July 31, 2023, from http://www.rogergastman.com/art-in-the-streets
  26. George, N. (1999). Hip hop America. Penguin.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Gilroy, P. (1993). The Black Atlantic: Modernity and double-consciousness. Verso.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Goh, G. (2012, July 11). Acclaim magazine: Chas Bojorques—Godfather of Cholo style letters video. Hyper Beast. https://hypebeast.com/2012/7/acclaim-magazine-chaz-bojorquez-godfather-of-cholo-style-letters-video
  29. Goodman, S. (2010). Sonic warfare: Sound, affect, and the ecology of fear. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Gray, F. G. (Director) (2015). Staight outta compton [Film]. Legendary pictures. New Line Cinema.
  31. Hebdige, D. (1979). Subculture: The meaning of style. Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Hip Hop Education. (n.d.). April Walker is fresh, bold and so def. Hip hop education. https://hiphopeducation.com/women-in-hip-hop/april-walker-is-fresh-bold-and-so-def/
  33. Karl Kani. (n.d.). About. Retrieved May 31, 2023, from https://www.karlkani.com/pages/about-us
  34. Laboy, J. (1998, April 8). Clothiers bring the barrio to Japanese teen rebels. Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB891971121767579000
  35. Lebrón, M. (2011). Chicano rap: Gender and violence in the post-industrial barrio. Latino Studies, 9(2–3), 351353. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.uwl.ac.uk/10.1057/lst.2011.28
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Love, D. (2016, March 23). Nixon adviser said the ‘War on Drugs’ was a manufactured lie designed to target and disrupt the black community. Altanta BlackStar Online. https://atlantablackstar.com/2016/03/23/nixon-adviser-said-the-war-on-drugs-was-a-manufactured-lie-designed-to-target-and-disrupt-the-black-community/
    [Google Scholar]
  37. McFarland, P. (2003). Challenging the contradictions of chicanismo in Chicano rap music and male culture. Race, Gender & Class, 10(4), 92107. http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2089/stable/41675103
    [Google Scholar]
  38. McFarland, P. (2006). Chicano rap roots: Black-Brown cultural exchange and the making of a genre. Callaloo, 29(3), 939955. http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2089/stable/4488380
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Mendoza, V. (2000). Video review of Chicano!: History of the Mexican American civil rights movement. The Journal of MultiMedia History, 3. https://www.albany.edu/jmmh/vol3/chicano/chicano.html
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Miller, J. (2018, February 21). Roads to nowhere: How infrastructure built on American inequality. Guardian online. https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/feb/21/roads-nowhere-infrastructure-american-inequality
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Mock, B. (2007, January 16). Latino gang members in southern California are terrorizing and killing Blacks. Intelligence Report, Winter, https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2007/latino-gang-members-southern-california-are-terrorizing-and-killing-blacks143
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Oriol, E. (Director). (2020). LA originals [Film]. Underground Contenidos.
  43. Perkinson, J. (2005). Shamanism, racism, and hip hop culture: Essays of White supremacy and Black subversion (Black religion/womanist thought/social justice). Palgrave Macmillan.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Pulido, I. (2009). “Music fit for us minorities”: Latinas/os’ use of hip hop as pedagogy and interpretive framework to negotiate and challenge racism. Equity & Excellence in Education, 42(1), 6785, https://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2102/10.1080/10665680802631253
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Reznowski, G. (2014). Hip-hop mundail: Latino voices, global hop-hop, and the Academy [Conference presentation]. Fifty-Seventh Annual Meeting of the Seminar on the Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad. https://research.wsulibs.wsu.edu:8443/xmlui/handle/2376/5371?show=fullhttp://hdl.handle.net/2376/5371
  46. Rose, T. (1994). Black noise: Rap music and Black culture in contemporary America. Wesleyan University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Stromberg (2016, May 11). Highways gutted American cities. So why did they build them? Vox. https://www.vox.com/2015/5/14/8605917/highways-interstate-cities-history
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Sullivan, A. (2021, May 25). U.S. freeways flattened Black neighborhoods nationawide. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-freeways-flattened-black-neighborhoods-nationwide-2021-05-25/
  49. Tribal Streetwear (2021, January 1). Tribal: Tribal Streetwear since 1989: Tribal gear. https://www.tribalgear.com/global/
  50. UNIVERSAL HIP HOP TV. ([1982] 2019, January 27). Wild style [Video]. Ahearn C. First run features. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GaXMfw0IJOo

References

  1. 2Pac, Roger and Dr. Dre ([1995] 1998), “California Love”, Greatest Hits, https://open.spotify.com/track/3ia3dJETSOllPsv3LJkE35?si=e82c1e6a43674c93. Accessed 5 October 2023.
  2. Ágq, R. (2007). Migration, ethnicity, and interactions between the United States and Hispanic Caribbean popular culture. Latin American Perspectives, 34(1), 8393. http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2188/10.1177/0094582X06296339
    [Google Scholar]
  3. Ahearn, C. (Director). (1983). Wild Style [Film]. Wild Style Productions, Inc. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CIlEC2V88hc
  4. Anon. (n.d.). April Walker. Retrieved May 31, 2023, from https://walkerwear.com/pages/about-us
  5. Anon. (2012, May 22). Will.i.am credits crazy clothes with saving him from gang life. The Express. https://www.express.co.uk/celebrity-news/321723/will-i-am-credits-crazy-clothes-with-saving-him-from-gang-life
    [Google Scholar]
  6. Baker-Kimmons, L., & McFarland, P. (2011). The rap on Chicano and Black masculinity: A content analysis of gender images in rap lyrics. Race, Gender & Class, 18(1/2), 331344. http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2089/stable/23884882
    [Google Scholar]
  7. Balasandiran, T. (2019). Hispanic heritage month: The Latin influence on hip hop. Ketchum. https://www.ketchum.com/hispanic-heritage-month-the-latin-influence-on-hip-hop/
    [Google Scholar]
  8. Bloch, S. (2016). Why do graffiti writers write on murals? The birth, life, and slow death of freeway murals in Los Angeles. International Journal of Urban Regional, 40, 451471. https://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2102/10.1111/1468-2427.12345
    [Google Scholar]
  9. Cesaretti, G. (2021, January 1). A guided tour of Chicano graffiti. Street Writers. https://streetwriters.com/
    [Google Scholar]
  10. Chappell, B. (2010). Custom contestations: Lowriders and urban space. City & Society, 22, 2547. https://doi-org.ezproxy.uwl.ac.uk/10.1111/j.1548-744X.2010.01029.x
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Charles, M. (2018). MDA as a research method of generic musical analysis for the social sciences: Sifting through grime (music) as an SFT case study. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 17(1), 111. https://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2102/10.1177/1609406918797021
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Chicano Park. (n.d.). National landmark local treasure. Retrieved May 31, 2023, from https://www.sandiego.org/articles/parks-gardens/chicano-park.aspx
  13. Cortes, L., & Khalid, F. (2019). The remix: Hip hop X fashion. Oddball tribeca film. http://websites.umich.edu/~ac213/student_projects06/tylaxe/justifying.html
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Cox, C. (2017). The world atlas of street fashion. Mitchel Beazley.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Cross Colors (n.d.). Retrieved May 31, 2023, from https://crosscolours.com/pages/cross-colours-history
  16. Daichendt, G. J. (2019). As it turns 30, San Diego's Tribal Streatweal still keeping it real. The San Diego Union-Tribune. https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/lifestyle/story/2019-12-01/tribal-streetwear-turns-30-and-represents-san-diego-around-the-world
    [Google Scholar]
  17. Diaz, E. (2020, April 28). Fifty years ago, fed up with the city's neglect, a San Diego community rose up to vreae Chicano Park. Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/fifty-years-ago-fed-citys-neglect-san-diego-community-rose-create-chicano-park-180974764/
    [Google Scholar]
  18. Delgado. (1998). Chicano ideology revisited: Rap music and the (re)articulation of Chicanismo. Western Journal of Communication, 62(2), Spring, 95113.
    [Google Scholar]
  19. Dike, J. (2016, October 19). Why you've never heard of the most popular font in streetwear history. HypeBeast. https://hypebeast.com/2016/10/life-of-pablo-font-streetwear-deeper-history142
  20. Estiler, K. (2018, May 7). Beyond the street gathers leading international artists for monumental exhibition. HypeBeast. https://hypebeast.com/2018/5/beyond-the-streets-festival-2018-recap
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Fanon, F. (2001). The wretched of the earth (Reprint ed.). Penguin Classics.
    [Google Scholar]
  22. Foley, G. (2020, n.d.). The trends & brands that defined ‘90s hip-hop fashion. HighSnobriety Online. https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/90s-hip-hop-fashion/
    [Google Scholar]
  23. Ford, M. (Director). (2016). Streets of Compton [Film]. Entertainment One.
  24. Gamboa, S., McCausland, B., Lederman, J., & Popken, B. (2021, June 18). Bulldozed and bisected: Highway construction built a legacy of inequality. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/specials/america-highways-inequality/
    [Google Scholar]
  25. Gastman, R. (n.d.). Art in the streets. Retrieved July 31, 2023, from http://www.rogergastman.com/art-in-the-streets
  26. George, N. (1999). Hip hop America. Penguin.
    [Google Scholar]
  27. Gilroy, P. (1993). The Black Atlantic: Modernity and double-consciousness. Verso.
    [Google Scholar]
  28. Goh, G. (2012, July 11). Acclaim magazine: Chas Bojorques—Godfather of Cholo style letters video. Hyper Beast. https://hypebeast.com/2012/7/acclaim-magazine-chaz-bojorquez-godfather-of-cholo-style-letters-video
  29. Goodman, S. (2010). Sonic warfare: Sound, affect, and the ecology of fear. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  30. Gray, F. G. (Director) (2015). Staight outta compton [Film]. Legendary pictures. New Line Cinema.
  31. Hebdige, D. (1979). Subculture: The meaning of style. Routledge.
    [Google Scholar]
  32. Hip Hop Education. (n.d.). April Walker is fresh, bold and so def. Hip hop education. https://hiphopeducation.com/women-in-hip-hop/april-walker-is-fresh-bold-and-so-def/
  33. Karl Kani. (n.d.). About. Retrieved May 31, 2023, from https://www.karlkani.com/pages/about-us
  34. Laboy, J. (1998, April 8). Clothiers bring the barrio to Japanese teen rebels. Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB891971121767579000
  35. Lebrón, M. (2011). Chicano rap: Gender and violence in the post-industrial barrio. Latino Studies, 9(2–3), 351353. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.uwl.ac.uk/10.1057/lst.2011.28
    [Google Scholar]
  36. Love, D. (2016, March 23). Nixon adviser said the ‘War on Drugs’ was a manufactured lie designed to target and disrupt the black community. Altanta BlackStar Online. https://atlantablackstar.com/2016/03/23/nixon-adviser-said-the-war-on-drugs-was-a-manufactured-lie-designed-to-target-and-disrupt-the-black-community/
    [Google Scholar]
  37. McFarland, P. (2003). Challenging the contradictions of chicanismo in Chicano rap music and male culture. Race, Gender & Class, 10(4), 92107. http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2089/stable/41675103
    [Google Scholar]
  38. McFarland, P. (2006). Chicano rap roots: Black-Brown cultural exchange and the making of a genre. Callaloo, 29(3), 939955. http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2089/stable/4488380
    [Google Scholar]
  39. Mendoza, V. (2000). Video review of Chicano!: History of the Mexican American civil rights movement. The Journal of MultiMedia History, 3. https://www.albany.edu/jmmh/vol3/chicano/chicano.html
    [Google Scholar]
  40. Miller, J. (2018, February 21). Roads to nowhere: How infrastructure built on American inequality. Guardian online. https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/feb/21/roads-nowhere-infrastructure-american-inequality
    [Google Scholar]
  41. Mock, B. (2007, January 16). Latino gang members in southern California are terrorizing and killing Blacks. Intelligence Report, Winter, https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2007/latino-gang-members-southern-california-are-terrorizing-and-killing-blacks143
    [Google Scholar]
  42. Oriol, E. (Director). (2020). LA originals [Film]. Underground Contenidos.
  43. Perkinson, J. (2005). Shamanism, racism, and hip hop culture: Essays of White supremacy and Black subversion (Black religion/womanist thought/social justice). Palgrave Macmillan.
    [Google Scholar]
  44. Pulido, I. (2009). “Music fit for us minorities”: Latinas/os’ use of hip hop as pedagogy and interpretive framework to negotiate and challenge racism. Equity & Excellence in Education, 42(1), 6785, https://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2102/10.1080/10665680802631253
    [Google Scholar]
  45. Reznowski, G. (2014). Hip-hop mundail: Latino voices, global hop-hop, and the Academy [Conference presentation]. Fifty-Seventh Annual Meeting of the Seminar on the Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad. https://research.wsulibs.wsu.edu:8443/xmlui/handle/2376/5371?show=fullhttp://hdl.handle.net/2376/5371
  46. Rose, T. (1994). Black noise: Rap music and Black culture in contemporary America. Wesleyan University Press.
    [Google Scholar]
  47. Stromberg (2016, May 11). Highways gutted American cities. So why did they build them? Vox. https://www.vox.com/2015/5/14/8605917/highways-interstate-cities-history
    [Google Scholar]
  48. Sullivan, A. (2021, May 25). U.S. freeways flattened Black neighborhoods nationawide. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-freeways-flattened-black-neighborhoods-nationwide-2021-05-25/
  49. Tribal Streetwear (2021, January 1). Tribal: Tribal Streetwear since 1989: Tribal gear. https://www.tribalgear.com/global/
  50. UNIVERSAL HIP HOP TV. ([1982] 2019, January 27). Wild style [Video]. Ahearn C. First run features. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GaXMfw0IJOo
/content/books/9781789388084.c08
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