Comparison of baseline characteristics according to the presence of coronary artery spasm
| Characteristics | Total (N=3556) | CAS (+) (n=830) | CAS (−) (n=2726) | P value |
| Age, years | 54.7±10.3 | 54.7±9.3 | 54.7±10.6 | 0.923 |
| Male, n (%) | 1958 (55.1) | 590 (71.1) | 1368 (50.2) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1090 (30.7) | 256 (30.8) | 834 (30.6) | 0.897 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 282 (7.9) | 70 (8.4) | 212 (7.8) | 0.557 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 1113 (31.3) | 313 (37.7) | 800 (29.3) | <0.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 1201 (33.8) | 411 (49.5) | 790 (29.0) | <0.001 |
| History of PCI, n (%) | 74 (2.1) | 38 (4.6) | 36 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| Clinical presentation, n (%) | ||||
| Typical angina | 153 (4.3) | 20 (2.4) | 133 (4.9) | |
| Atypical angina | 1475 (41.5) | 101 (12.2) | 1374 (50.4) | |
| Variant angina | 1507 (42.4) | 549 (66.1) | 958 (35.1) | |
| Acute coronary syndrome | 350 (9.8) | 148 (17.8) | 202 (7.4) | |
| Aborted sudden cardiac death | 17 (0.5) | 3 (0.4) | 14 (0.5) | |
| Syncope | 33 (0.9) | 7 (0.8) | 26 (1.0) | |
| Coronary imaging before erg echo, n | ||||
| CT CAG/invasive CAG | 1028/2528 | 122/708 | 906/1820 | <0.001 |
| Normal/mild CAD* | 3327/229 | 715/115 | 2612/114 | <0.001 |
| Side effects/adverse reactions during erg echo | ||||
| Premature termination of erg echo, n (%) | 20 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 20 (0.7) | |
| Systolic blood pressure ≥200 mm Hg, n (%) | 9 (0.3) | 1 | 8 | |
| Cardiogenic shock, n (%) | 2 (0.1) | 1 | 1 | |
| Arrhythmias, n (%) | ||||
| Atrioventricular block | 8 (0.2) | 8 | 0 | |
| Sinus bradycardia or pause | 3 (0.1) | 3 | 0 | |
| Ventricular tachycardia | 2 (0.1) | 1 | 1 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2 (0.1) | 0 | 2 | |
| Atrial or ventricular premature beat | 1 (0.0) | 1 | 0 | |
| Myocardial infarction, n | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Mortality, n | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Medications after erg echo, n (%) | ||||
| CCB alone | 201 (5.7) | 113 (13.6) | 88 (3.2) | |
| CCB+nitrates | 777 (21.9) | 637 (76.7) | 140 (5.1) | |
| Combination of more than two CCBs | 89 (2.5) | 76 (9.2) | 13 (0.5) |
Values are mean±SD or n (%).
*Mild CAD: CAD with lumen diameter stenosis of <50%.
CAD, coronary artery disease; CAG, coronary angiography; CAS, coronary artery spasm; CCB, calcium channel blocker; erg echo, ergonovine echocardiography; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention.