Information on the 37 articles selected for this review paper
| Year | Study | Population | Sample size | Sex | Period of study (months) | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F, Female; M, male; NCAA, National Collegiate Athletic Association. | ||||||
| 1978 | McMaster47 | Professional | 15 | M | 12 | USA |
| 1978 | Nilsson48 | Adolescent | 25000 | F&M | 2987 competitions | International |
| 1980 | Sullivan14 | Child & adolescent | 1272 | F&M | 12 | USA |
| 1981 | Pritchett16 | Adolescent | 10634 | – | 24 | USA |
| 1983 | Ekstrand32 | Senior | 180 | M | 12 | Sweden |
| 1985 | Sandelin35 | From adolescent to adult | 2072 | F&M | 12 | Finland |
| 1985 | Schmidt-Olsen34 | Adolescent | 6600 | F&M | 1 | International |
| 1986 | Hoff42 | Adolescent | – | F&M | – | USA |
| 1989 | Nielsen15 | From adolescent to adult | 123 | M | 11 | Denmark |
| 1990 | Ekstrand49 | Professional | 639 | M | 12 | Sweden |
| 1990 | Hunt36 | From adolescent to adult | – | F&M | 12 | UK |
| 1990 | Yde11 | Adolescent | 152 | M | 10 | Denmark |
| 1991 | Engstrom50 | Professional | 41 | F | 12 | Sweden |
| 1993 | Kibler51 | Adolescent | – | F&M | 48 | – |
| 1993 | NCAA3 | Adolescent | – | F&M | 12 | USA |
| 1994 | NCAA4 | Adolescent | – | F&M | 12 | USA |
| 1996 | Arnason40 | Professional | 84 | M | 5 | Iceland |
| 1996 | Inklaar52 | From adolescent to adult | 477 | M | 5 | Netherlands |
| 1996 | Luthje43 | Professional | 263 | M | 10 | Finland |
| 1997 | NCAA53 | Adolescent | – | F&M | 12 | USA |
| 1998 | Hawkins54 | Professional | – | M | 36 | UK |
| 1999 | Hawkins7 | Professional & adolescent | – | M | 29 | UK |
| 1999 | Yund39 | Child | 1082 | F&M | 4 | – |
| 2000 | Junge55 | Adolescent | 311 | M | 12 | Czech Republic & Alsace |
| 2000 | Peterson56 | From adolescent to adult | 264 | M | 12 | Czech Republic |
| 2001 | Hawkin8 | Professional | 2376 | M | 22 | UK |
| 2001 | Morgan29 | Professional | 237 | M | 10 | USA |
| 2001 | Soderman26 | Adolescent | 153 | F | 7 | Sweden |
| 2001 | Steven31 | Adolescent | 89500 | F&M | 120 | USA |
| 2002 | Kirkendall57 | Adolescent | 11500 | F&M | 36 | USA |
| 2002 | Rahnama58 | Professional | – | M | 10 competitions | UK |
| 2003 | Giza59 | Professional | – | M | 180 competitions | International |
| 2003 | Kakavelakis28 | Adolescent | 287 | M | 10 | Greece |
| 2004 | Junge60 | Adolescent | 145 | M | 6 | New Zealand |
| 2004 | Junge61 | Professional & adolescent | – | F&M | 398 competitions | International |
| 2004 | Junge62 | Professional | – | M | 64 competitions | International |
| 2004 | Yoon63 | Professional & adolescent | 411 | M | 50 competitions | Asia |