Summary of confidence in ranking of treatments for outcomes (GRADE approach) in studies examining the efficacy of exercise training in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain
| Outcome | Confidence | Reason for downgrade |
| Pain | Low | Study limitations,* Inconsistency† |
| Physical function | Low | Study limitations,‡ Inconsistency† |
| Mental health | Low | Study limitations,§ Inconsistency† |
| Muscle strength | Low | Study limitations,¶ Imprecision** |
*Evidence came from 91% unclear to high risk of bias studies. See online supplementary figure 2 for additional data on the assessment of transitivity.
†High heterogeneity or inconsistency present.
‡Evidence came from 89% unclear to high risk of bias studies.
§Evidence came from 88% unclear to high risk of bias studies.
¶All evidence from unclear to high risk of bias studies.
**Imprecision of clear most or least favoured treatments.