Change within groups, and difference in change between groups (adjusted for baseline value of outcome, gender, and physiotherapist clustering), for continuous outcomes, using multiply imputed data
| Mean (SD) change within groups | Difference in change between groups | |||||||
| Baseline minus month 6 | Baseline minus month 12 | Baseline to month 6 | Baseline to month 12 | |||||
| Existing service (n=88) | Exercise advice and support (n=87) | Existing service (n=88) | Exercise advice and support (n=87) | Mean difference (95% CI) | P value | Mean difference (95% CI) | P value | |
| Primary outcomes | ||||||||
| Overall average knee pain (NRS)* | 1.9 (2.3) | 2.5 (2.0) | 1.8 (2.4) | 2.1 (2.2) | 0.7 (0.0 to 1.4) | 0.057 | 0.3 (–0.4 to 1.0) | 0.44 |
| Physical function (WOMAC)* | 5.8 (10.5) | 10.8 (9.2) | 7.8 (11.0) | 11.1 (9.8) | 4.7 (1.0 to 8.4) | 0.013 | 3.1 (–0.6 to 6.7) | 0.097 |
| Secondary outcomes | ||||||||
| Pain on daily activities (WOMAC)* | 1.7 (3.1) | 3.0 (2.5) | 2.0 (3.0) | 2.9 (2.9) | 1.2 (0.2 to 2.1) | 0.014 | 0.8 (–0.2 to 1.7) | 0.11 |
| Average pain on walking (NRS)* | 1.2 (2.6) | 2.3 (2.5) | 1.7 (2.4) | 2.0 (2.3) | 1.0 (0.1 to 1.8) | 0.023 | 0.2 (–0.6 to 1.1) | 0.59 |
| Self-efficacy for pain (ASES)† | −0.3 (2.3) | −1.4 (2.1) | −0.5 (2.5) | −1.4 (2.0) | −1.2 (–1.8 to 0.6) | <0.001 | −1.0 (–1.7 to 0.4) | <0.001 |
| Self-efficacy for function (ASES)† | −0.6 (1.7) | −0.8 (1.5) | −0.6 (1.6) | −0.8 (1.6) | −0.3 (–0.7 to 0.2) | 0.25 | −0.2 (–0.6 to 0.3) | 0.39 |
| Fear of movement (BFMS)† | 1.1 (3.5) | 1.3 (3.6) | 0.9 (3.4) | 1.0 (3.3) | 0.3 (–0.7 to 1.3) | 0.57 | 0.1 (–0.9 to 1.2) | 0.84 |
| Physical activity (PASE)† | −11 (85) | −20 (75) | 8 (87) | −20 (97) | −12 (−41 to 17) | 0.43 | −31 (–60 to 1) | 0.044 |
| Barriers to physical activity (BtPAS)* | 0.8 (10.5) | 1.5 (10.4) | 1.4 (12.1) | 2.6 (12.8) | 0.6 (–2.9 to 4.0) | 0.76 | 1.1 (–2.7 to 4.9) | 0.57 |
| Benefits of physical activity (BoPAS)† | 0.4 (8.4) | 0.7 (11.7) | 0.8 (8.8) | 0.3 (12.2) | 0.3 (–2.5 to 3.0) | 0.86 | −0.5 (–3.2 to 2.3) | 0.75 |
| AQoL II† | −0.0 (0.1) | −0.1 (0.1) | −0.1 (0.1) | −0.1 (0.1) | 0.0 (–0.1 to 0.0) | 0.63 | 0.00 (0.0 to 0.1) | 0.85 |
*For change within groups, positive changes indicate improvement. For difference in change between groups, positive differences favour exercise advice and support.
†For change within groups, negative changes indicate improvement. For difference in change between groups, negative differences favour exercise advice and support.
AQoL, Assessment of Quality of Life instrument; ASES, Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale; BFMS, Brief Fear of Movement Scale; BoPAS, Benefits of Physical Activity Scale; BtPAS, Barriers to Physical activity Scale; NRS, Numerical Rating Scale; PASE, Physical Activity Scale; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.