Measures and methods to classify sedentary behaviour
| Publication | Name of measure(s) | Definition of exposure | Type of exposure assessment | Data collection procedure | Statistical methods and confounder adjustment | Validity and reliability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cohort studies | ||||||
| Hamer and Stamatakis23 | Unknown | TV time | Subjective measure Questionnaire developed for measuring physical activity (PA) and television time | Participants self-reported daily television time and engagement in vigorous, moderate and low-intensity PA | Type of regression: linear mixed models with random effect intercept; Covariates and confounders: age, sex, smoking, alcohol, PA, social status, disability, chronic illness and body mass index (BMI) | Unknown |
| Kesse-Guyot et al24 | Modifiable Activity Questionnaire (MAQ)32 | TV time | Subjective measure Questionnaire designed to assess SB and PA during past 12 months | Participants self-reported average daily time spent watching TV and leisure-time PA performed at least 10 times for at least 10 min per session over the past year including the frequency and duration. After multiplying the number of h/week of each activity by the estimated metabolic equivalent (MET), a summary score was obtained | Type of regression: structural equation modelling; Covariates and confounders: age, gender, education, time lag between baseline and cognitive evaluation, occupation, energy intake, number of 24-hour records, BMI, depressive symptoms, memory issues, diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease | Validity: r=0.65.47 Reliability: ICC=0.7747 |
| Kesse-Guyot et al25 | Modifiable Activity Questionnaire (MAQ)32 | Sedentary behaviour (SB; TV time, computer use, reading) | Subjective measure Questionnaire designed to assess SB and PA during past 12 months | Participants self-reported average daily time spent watching TV, using a computer or reading (min/day) | Type of regression: principal component analysis; Covariates and confounders: interval between SB assessment and cognitive evaluation, age, gender, education, occupation, retirement status, tobacco use, BMI, depressive symptoms, health status, heart disease, diabetes, hypertension and PA | Validity: r=0.65.47 Reliability: ICC=0.7747 |
| Case-control studies | ||||||
| Kivipelto et al26 | Unknown | SB (leisure-time PA <2×/week) | Subjective measure Questionnaire developed by authors | Participants self-reported leisure-time PA lasting >30 min and caused breathlessness and sweating. Participants dichotomised into active (>2×/week) and sedentary (<2×/week) | Type of regression: Multiple logistic regressions; Covariates and confounders: age, sex, follow-up time, education, BMI, cholesterol, blood pressure, heart attack, stroke and diabetes mellitus | Unknown |
| Lindstrom et al27 | Unknown | Daily hours of television viewing | Subjective Measure Questionnaire developed by authors | Participants self-reported hours/month devoted to TV viewing at age 20–39 and at ages of 40–59. Daily TV viewing hours calculated from total hours/day spent watching TV | Type of regression: unconditional logistic regression model Covariates and confounders: age, gender, income and education | Unknown |
| Cross-sectional designs | ||||||
| Rosenberg et al28 | Self-report measure: Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire (SBQ)39 Objective measure: ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer40 | SBQ: hours spent in SB ActiGraph GT3X+: hours spent in SB | SBQ: subjective measure Assessed time spent during typical day SB ActiGraph GT3X+: objective measure Sedentary assessed using standard cut-point of <100 counts per minute | SBQ: participants reported time/day spent in SB including sitting, watching TV, computer use, reading, commuting, napping and other activities. ActiGraph GT3X+: participants were included with at least 1 valid day of wear time and 600 min of accelerometer data. Sedentary time was assessed using the standard cut-point of <100 counts per minute | Type of regression: linear mixed-effects models Covariates and confounders: age, gender, marital and educational status | SBQ: Validity: no significant relationship between accelerometer counts and SBQ scores; Reliability: ICC=0.85.39 ActiGraph GT3X+: Validity: r=0.59.48 49 Reliability: unknown |
| Steinberg et al29 | Community Health Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire42 | Hours spent in SB | Subjective measure Assessed frequency and duration of 40 different activities undertaken by older adults | Participants self-reported weekly frequency and duration of 40 different activities using the CHAMPS questionnaire | Type of regression: linear regression analyses Covariates and confounders: age, sex, race, and education | Validity: r=0.29 Test–retest reliability: ICC=0.7650 |
| Vance et al30 | Unknown | Total amount of time spent sitting, sleeping or lying down used as an indicator of SB | Subjective measure Questionnaire adapted from Paffenbarger questionnaire44 | Participants self-reported how many hours per day spent seated, lying down and sleeping | Types of regression: latent growth model; Covariates and confounders: age, depression and PA | Unknown |