Effects of adherence intervention on adherence outcomes reported across included studies
| Results (mean±SD) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Adherence measurement method | Measurement time points | Participant retention (% of original cohort) | Control group | Adherence intervention group | Significance (p value) | Effect size (d) |
| Chronic low back pain studies | |||||||
| Basler et al,33 2007 | Self-reported in logbook—time/day spent training (minutes). | 6 weeks 6 months | 86% 86% | 24.7±16.3 25.3±19.7 | 29.2±14.6 29.6±24.2 | NR NR | 0.29 0.19 |
| Freidrich et al,34 1998 | Therapist-reported exercise session attendance (n, out of maximum of 10). | 4 months | 90% | 8.6±2.1 | 9.6±1.1 | p=0.0005 | 0.60 |
| Self-reported in logbook—number of days/week trained (n). Self-reported in logbook—time/day spent training (minutes). Self-reported in logbook—total training time (minutes). | 4 months 12 months 4 months 12 months 4 months 12 months | 90% 74% 90% 74% 90% 74% | 2.9±1.1 3.1±2.2 16.1±10.2 16.4±13.0 748±668 1516±1397 | 3.6±5.0 4.0±1.9 17.9±8.7 15.5±8.6 917±656 2024±2026 | NR p=0.036 NR NR NR NR | 0.19 0.44 0.19 −0.08 0.26 0.29 | |
| Vong et al,41 2011 | Self-reported in logbook—sessions of home practice completed per week (n). | 4 weeks 8 weeks 12 weeks | 83% 79% 74% | 6.8±3.7 6.2±3.6 5.8±4.1 | 12.8±8.1 13.9±8.1 9±7.2 | p=0.002 NR NR | 0.95 1.23 1.21 |
| Hip and/or knee osteoarthritis studies | |||||||
| Bennell et al,37 2014 | Self-reported in logbook—number of exercises completed per day. Values reported as % of prescribed exercises performed over 2×1 week periods (where 100% indicates all prescribed exercises performed as directed). | 24 weeks | 95% | 51±37 | 56±34 | p>0.05 | 0.14 |
| Self-reported overall adherence to the prescribed exercise programme. Values reported as average of ratings given for the previous 8-week period at weeks 8, 16 and 24. (11-point NRS: 0= not at all, 10= completely as instructed). | 24 weeks | 95% | 5.5±3.5 | 6.1±3.2 | p>0.05 | 0.18 | |
| Brosseau et al,40 2012 | Therapist-reported exercise sessions attended (n, out of maximum of 3/week). | 3 months 6 months 9 months 12 months | 83% 75% 67% 60% | 0.770±0.299 0.617±0.410 0.471±0.418 0.446±0.441 | 0.802±0.290 0.636±0.390 0.534±0.425 0.445±0.433 | p=0.514 p=0.774 p=0.363 p=0.989 | 0.11 0.05 0.15 −<0.00 |
| O'Brien et al,39 2013 | Therapist-reported class attendance (n, out of maximum of 31). | 12 weeks | 56% | 16±10 | 17±11 | p=0.81 | 0.10 |
| Class participation scored by therapist on the Sports Injury Rehabilitation Adherence Scale (3 items scored on a 5-point NRS: exercise intensity, ability to follow instructions and receptiveness to changes to programme. Total score out of 15). | 12 weeks | 56% | 4.6±0.9 | 4.5±0.4 | p=0.52 | −0.14 | |
| Self-reported adherence to home stretching programme. Participants asked whether they performed exercises as prescribed (5-point NRS: 1= not at all, 5= as advised). Self-reported adherence to home walking programme. Participants asked whether they performed the programme as prescribed (5-point NRS: 1= not at all, 5= as advised). | 12 weeks 12 weeks | 56% 56% | 3.9±0.2 3.5±1.0 | 3.7±1.3 3.6±1.3 | p=0.21 p=0.93 | −0.22 0.09 | |
| Pisters et al,35 2010 | Self-reported overall adherence. Participants were asked how frequently they performed the exercises as prescribed (5-point NRS: 1= almost never, 5= very often). Values reported as % that scored 4 or 5/5). Self-reported overall adherence. Participants were asked how frequently they performed the exercises as prescribed (5-point NRS: 1= almost never, 5= very often). | 13 weeks 65 weeks 13 weeks 65 weeks | 96% 90% 96% 90% | 59% 34% 3.47±0.95* 3.14±0.99* | 75% 44% 4.23±0.94* 3.71±1.15* | OR 4.3 (95% CI 2.1 to 9.0) OR 3.0 (95% CI 1.5 to 6.0) NR NR | 0.80 0.53 |
| Schoo et al,38 2005 | Self-reported in logbook. Participants asked if all, some or none of prescribed exercises were performed each day. Values reported as median % that reported completing all exercises. | 4 weeks 8 weeks | NR 78% | 93.0% 89.5% | Audio: 89.0% Video: 92.0% Audio: 87.0% Video: 81.5% | p=0.690 p=0.538 | † † |
| Tuzun et al,36 2012 | Self-reported in logbook—number of exercise sessions completed each day. Values reported as % of participants compliant with all exercise sessions as prescribed; median (IQR). | 4 weeks 12 weeks | NR NR | 72.5 (55–97.5) 55 (25–85) | 100 (100–100) 100 (90–100) | p=0.125 p=0.036 | † † |
*Additional data (means, SDs) obtained directly from author.
†Unable to calculate from data provided.
NR, not reported; NRS, Numeric Rating Scale.