Sequelae among women testing positive vs negative for Trichomonas vaginalis
| Among all women (n=647) | ||||||
| Outcome |
T. vaginalis (n=83) n (%) | No T. vaginalis (n=564) n (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value |
| Persistent endometritis at 30 days* | 16/52 (30.8) | 46/342 (13.5) | 2.9 (1.5 to 5.6) | <0.01 | 2.6 (0.7 to 10.1) | 0.17 |
| Pregnancy† | 40/80 (50.0) | 326/556 (58.6) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.1) | 0.15 | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.1) | 0.14 |
| Live birth | 30/32 (93.8) | 240/253 (94.9) | 0.8 (0.2 to 3.8) | 0.79 | 0.6 (0.1 to 3.2) | 0.55 |
| Infertility‡ | 20/80 (25.0) | 94/556 (16.9) | 1.6 (0.9 to 2.8) | 0.08 | 1.6 (0.9 to 3.0) | 0.11 |
| Recurrent PID§ | 19/77 (24.7) | 118/539 (21.9) | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.0) | 0.58 | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.1) | 0.62 |
| In the subgroup of women without upper or lower tract Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Mycoplasma genitalium (n=384) | ||||||
| Outcome |
T. vaginalis (n=42) n (%) | No T. vaginalis (n=342) n (%) | Crude OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value |
| Persistent endometritis at 30 days* | 2/27 (7.4) | 10/196 (5.1) | 1.5 (0.3 to 7.2) | 0.62 | 1.2 (0.2 to 6.3) | 0.81 |
| Pregnancy† | 14/40 (35.0) | 185/338 (54.7) | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.9) | 0.02 | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.0) | 0.05 |
| Live birth | 10/12 (83.3) | 140/149 (94.0) | 0.3 (0.1 to 1.7) | 0.18 | 0.3 (0.1 to 2.0) | 0.23 |
| Infertility‡ | 12/40 (30.0) | 62/338 (18.3) | 1.9 (0.9 to 4.0) | 0.08 | 1.9 (0.9 to 4.1) | 0.10 |
| Recurrent PID§ | 11/37 (29.7) | 69/326 (21.2) | 1.6 (0.7 to 3.3) | 0.24 | 1.4 (0.6 to 3.0) | 0.41 |
All models are adjusted for age, race, C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, M. genitalium and bacterial vaginosis. Pregnancy, live birth and infertility models are additionally adjusted for self-reported history of infertility at baseline, and recurrent PID models are additionally adjusted for self-reported history of PID.
*Persistent endometritis was defined as the presence of acute histological endometritis (≥5 neutrophils and ≥1 plasma cell) at both baseline and 30-day clinic visits.
†Pregnancy was defined by a physician diagnosis or positive blood or urine β-hCG test.
‡Infertility was defined as a lack of conception despite 12 or more months of unprotected intercourse or inconsistent contraceptive use.
§Recurrent PID was defined as self-report of one or more episodes of PID during follow-up and was verified by medical record review where possible.
β-hCG, human chorionic gonadotropin; PID, pelvic inflammatory disease.