Table 1

Characteristics of 395 women in prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) study by HIV and ART status*

	HIV-positive on ART prior to ANC†	HIV-positive started ART during ANC	HIV-positive not on ART during pregnancy or delivery‡	HIV-negative women§	HIV-unknown¶	Total	Per cent
Total numbers	16	26	21	313	19	395	100
Number of ANC visits
0	0	0	0	0	2	2	0.5
1	0	1	1	19	1	22	5.6
2	3	8	6	73	1	91	23.0
3	4	5	10	106	8	133	33.7
4+ visits	9	12	4	115	7	147	37.2
Age at delivery (years)
15–19	0	1	2	99	2	104	26.3
20–24	1	4	2	97	6	110	27.6
25–29	4	6	8	61	6	85	21.5
30+ years	11	15	9	56	5	96	24.3
Highest attained education level
None/Primary 1–5	2	2	0	20	3	27	6.8
Primary 6–7	7	17	15	164	9	212	53.7
Primary 8	7	6	5	84	3	105	26.6
Secondary 1–3	0	1	1	28	4	34	8.6
Unknown	0	0	0	17	0	17	4.3
First presented at ANC**
First trimester	0	0	2	18	0	20	5.1
Second trimester	12	17	10	189	13	241	61.3
Third trimester	4	9	9	106	4	132	33.6
Attended ANC with guardian at least once††
Husband	0	2	1	40	4	47	12.0
Mother/sister	0	0	0	4	0	4	1.0
No guardian (all visits)	16	24	20	269	13	342	87.0
ANC facility
No switch	15	25	21	281	16	358	91.1
Switch	1	1	0	32	1	35	8.9
Delivered at a health centre††
Yes	15	23	18	259	16	363	91.9
No	1	3	3	23	2	32	8.1
Offered ART in ANC‡‡
Offered ART	NA	12	3	NA	NA	15	31.9
Referred to ART clinic	NA	12	9	NA	NA	21	44.7
Not offered or referred	NA	1	2	NA	NA	3	6.4
Unknown§§	NA	1	7	NA	NA	8	17.0
Distance to health centre¶¶ (km)
<1	2	3	0	26	5	36	9.1
1–3	3	7	5	92	5	112	28.4
3–5	4	7	7	84	2	104	26.3
5+	7	9	9	111	7	143	36.2
Visited Health Centre for PCR***
Infant age 6–8 weeks	2	2	0	NA	NA	4	6.4
Infant age 9+ weeks	2	0	4	NA	NA	6	9.5
Not done	12	22	12	NA	NA	46	73.0
Unknown	0	2	5	NA	NA	7	11.1
Six weeks oral Nevirapine for child***
Yes	16	20	8	NA	NA	44	69.9
No	0	5	8	NA	NA	13	20.6
Unknown	0	1	5	NA	NA	6	9.5
Child breastfed
Yes	16	24	16	NA	NA	56	98.8
No	0	1	0	NA	NA	1	1.7

*HIV status determined by information held in the demographic surveillance site (DSS) HIV database (annual HIV serosurveys 2007–2011), clinic records and a woman's self-report.
†One woman started antiretroviral treatment (ART) while pregnant but before antenatal clinic (ANC).
‡Does not include two women who received a single dose of nevirapine at delivery and one who started ART 6 weeks after delivery.
§Random sample of HIV-negative women in DSS who attended ANC after 1 July 2011.
¶HIV-unknown if no DSS test or clinic record and woman reported no HIV counselling and testing (HCT) during ANC or delivery. Includes two women who did not attend ANC or deliver at a health facility.
**Excludes two women who did not attend ANC.
††Delivered at a health facility inside or outside the DSS.
‡‡Eight women with a positive test on the DSS database concealed their HIV-positive status during ANC and the study interview. Six reported a negative test result in ANC and two reported HCT refusal.
§§An ART start date was found for one of these women.
¶¶Calculated as distance (km) to nearest health centre. HCT, ANC, maternity and ART services available at each centre.
***Information on PCR testing and baby nevirapine was not available for six women who reported a negative status during the study.