MACE, comparison between different bDMARDs/tsDMARDs (observational studies)
| Study ID | Registry | Intervention | Control | aHR (i vs c) | Risk of bias |
| MACE | |||||
| Hsieh et al 70 2020 | Claims dataset | TCZ | RTX | 0.41 (0.23; 0.72) | High |
| ABA | 0.25 (0.11; 0.55) | ||||
| Khosrow-Khavar et al 69 2022 | Claims dataset | TOFA | TNFi | 1.01 (0.83; 1.23) | High |
| Kremer et al 71 2021 | CORRONA | TOFA | bDMARD | 0.61 (0.34; 1.06) | Low |
| Xie et al 18 | Claims dataset | TNFi | TCZ | 1.27 (1.02, 1.59) | High |
| ADA | 1.33 (0.99, 1.80) | ||||
| ETA | 1.10 (0.80, 1.51) | ||||
| INF | 1.61 (1.22, 2.12) | ||||
| ABA | 1.01 (0.79, 1.28) | ||||
| RTX | 1.16 (0.89, 1.53) | ||||
| Heart failure | |||||
| Hsieh et al 70 2020 | Claims dataset | TCZ | RTX | 0.48 (0.18; 1.31) | High |
| ABA | 0.20 (0.05; 0.83) | ||||
| Khosrow-Khavar et al 69 2022 | Claims dataset | TOFA | TNFi | 1.07 (0.79; 1.46) | High |
| Myocardial infarction | |||||
| Hsieh et al 70 2020 | Claims dataset | TCZ | RTX | 0.12 (0.02; 0.56) | High |
| ABA | 0.26 (0.06; 1.12) | ||||
| Khosrow-Khavar et al 69 2022 | Claims dataset | TOFA | TNFi | 1.04 (0.82; 1.33) | High |
| Xie et al 18 2019 | Claims dataset | TNFi | TCZ | 1.20 (0.88; 1.62) | High |
| ADA | 1.24 (0.83; 1.87) | ||||
| ETA | 1.08 (0.71; 1.65) | ||||
| INF | 1.55 (1.05; 2.28) | ||||
| ABA | 1.01 (0.73; 1.40) | ||||
| RTX | 1.05 (0.72; 1.54) | ||||
| Stroke | |||||
| Hsieh et al 70 2020 | Claims dataset | TCZ | RTX | 0.54 (0.26; 1.12) | High |
| ABA | 0.18 (0.05; 0.64) | ||||
| Khosrow-Khavar et al 69 2022 | Claims dataset | TOFA | TNFi | 0.93 (0.66; 1.31) | High |
| Xie et al 18 2019 | Claims dataset | TNFi | TCZ | 1.25 (0.90; 1.73) | High |
| ADA | 1.26 (0.80; 1.99) | ||||
| ETA | 1.09 (0.68; 1.75) | ||||
| INF | 1.49 (1.01; 2.21) | ||||
| ABA | 0.99 (0.70; 1.40) | ||||
| RTX | 1.10 (0.74; 1.63) | ||||
| Venous thromboembolism | |||||
| Desai et al 24 2021 | Claims dataset | TOFA | TNFi | 1.13 (0.77; 1.65) | High |
Values in bold highlight statistically significant effect sizes. Additional details in online supplemental tables S68–S100.
i; intervention; ABA, abatacept; ADA, adalimumab; aHR, adjusted HR; bDMARD, biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; c, control; CORRONA, Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America; ETA, etanercept; INF, infliximab; RTX, rituximab; TCZ, tocilizumab; TNFi, TNF inhibitor; TOFA, tofacitinib; tsDMARD, targeted synthetic DMARD.