• rheumatoid arthritis
• osteoporosis
• epidemiology

We appreciate Lai et al 1 for sharing their data and emphasising the lack of association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and fracture risk in a different patient population. We agree that the adverse association found with PPI use and fracture in the previous studies has not been repeated in many other well-designed studies. Our study has tested this association for the first time in a disease state like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) where the risk of osteoporosis and fractures are already increased.2 As Lai et al emphasise our study is consistent with the prior studies in the general population that PPIs are not associated with increased fracture risk in patients with RA. However, we have to indicate that we did not evaluate different PPI doses and types which may have different risk estimates. We also agree that there is not enough evidence to recommend routine bone density testing neither for RA patients nor patients without any inflammatory disease unless they have other risk factors. Despite this, we want to emphasise that our study did not evaluate other potential health effects of PPIs in RA patients such as increased risk of community-acquired pneumonia,3 and Clostridioides difficile and other enteric infections.4 5 Although PPI use is quite common in RA due to common use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids or antiplatelets, we believe that the necessity of PPIs and other medications should be regularly reviewed in RA to minimise polypharmacy and accordingly potential drug interactions and other adverse events of these medications.