Table 2

Utility scores and costs for stable GOLD states, and costs of providing a domiciliary NIV service

Utility GOLD stage 3Utility GOLD stage 4
Sample size29937
Mean utility score (SE)0.678 (0.015)0.601 (0.042)
Type of healthcare Cost GOLD stage 3 Cost GOLD stage 4
Routine healthcare£39.91/month£77.33/month
Routine pharmacotherapy£50.42/month£54.71/month
Moderate exacerbation£140.40 per episode
Severe exacerbation£2283.18 per episode
Estimation of the cost of providing a domiciliary NIV service
Cost typeCostUnit cost sourceResource use source
Equipment costs
 NIV equipment for domiciliary use£2939.69Supplier estimatesClinician estimates of use of machines and cost estimate from firms
 NIV equipment for domiciliary use monthly cost£48.99Depreciated over 5 years
Set-up costs
 NIV set-up and assessment month 1£482.82National Tariff Payment System 2019/2035 Expert opinion
 NIV Follow-up in m3: 1 × Consultant led outpatient app+1 × Blood gas test£157.16 + £194NHS reference costs 2018/201936 Expert opinion
Annual costs therefore
 2 × blood gas test conducted at routine follow-up2 × £194NHS reference costs 2018/201936 Expert opinion
 1 x annual NIV assessment and consumable provision£650EstimateExpert opinion
Monthly costs
 First 3 months£294.32Includes equipment and set-up costs
 >3 months£90.58Includes equipment and annual monitor and service costs

  • GOLD, Global Iniative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; NHS, National Health Service; NIV, Non-Invasive ventilation.