Characteristics of cross-over allocation groups: NR-BRJ or PL-BRJ received first
| Measurement | NR-BRJ first (n=10) | PL-BRJ first (n=10) | P value | Whole group (N=20) |
| Sex (% female:male) | 30:70 | 50:50 | 1.0 | 40:60 |
| Age (years) | 68 (62–73) | 67 (64–76) | 0.7 | 67.6 (8.5) |
| Caucasian (%) | 100 | 100 | 1 | 100 |
| Smoking (pack years) | 28 (14–50) | 64 (57–96) | 0.006 | 52 (21.6) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3 (20.9–29.0) | 26.2 (21.4–30.1) | 0.5 | 25.2 (4.7) |
| FFMI (kg/m2) | 18.4 (15.8–20.1) | 18.0 (14.0–20.2) | 0.8 | 18.1 (15.8–19.9) |
| Inhaled medications | ||||
| SABA (%) | 91 | 100 | 0.4 | 95 |
| LABA-ICS (%) | 91 | 78 | 0.4 | 95 |
| LAMA (%) | 91 | 100 | 0.4 | 85 |
| Baseline resting oxygen saturation FiO2 0.21 (%) | 92 (89–94) | 92 (89–93) | 0.8 | 92 |
| Pre-LTOT prescription baseline pO2 (kPa) | 6.9 (6.0–7.3) | 6.6 (6.4–7.2) | 0.6 | 6.8 |
| Oxygen prescription (L/min) | 4 (2–6) | 2 (2–4) | 0.2 | 3.0 (2.0–6.0) |
| CAT score | 20 (18–29) | 19 (15–28) | 0.6 | 21 (8.0) |
| MRC Dyspnoea Score | 4 (4–4) | 4 (4–4) | 1.0 | 4 (4–4) |
| HADS-A score | 4 (3–7) | 7 (2–10) | 0.3 | 4.0 (2.3–8.8) |
| HADS-D score | 4 (4–5) | 5 (4–7) | 0.7 | 4.5 (4.0–5.6) |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 139 (123–149) | 135 (115–139) | 0.1 | 137 (121–143) |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 76 (66–83) | 70 (65–80) | 0.4 | 73 (65–82) |
| MAP (mm Hg) | 94 (91–104) | 91 (85–94) | 0.2 | 92 (80–100) |
| Lung function | ||||
| FEV1 (L) | 0.7 (0.6–1.0) | 0.7 (0.3–1.0) | 0.3 | 0.7 (0.6–1.0) |
| FVC (L) | 2.7 (1.9–3.1) | 1.6 (1.4–3.2) | 0.3 | 2.7 (1.6–3.1) |
| FEV1:FVC ratio | 0.3 (0.3–0.3) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 1.0 | 0.3 (0.3–0.3) |
| RV %predicted | 211 (181–235) | 212 (188–233) | 0.8 | 212 (186–233) |
| TLCO %predicted | 33 (19–45) | 36 (28–44) | 0.9 | 32 (19–44) |
| GOLD stage | ||||
| III (%) | 22 | 45 | 1.0 | 35 |
| IV (%) | 78 | 55 | 1.0 | 65 |
| ISWT distance (m) | 300 (280–360) | 370 (220–280) | 0.04 | 279 (70) |
| ESWT (s) | 172 (137–267) | 181 (158–193) | 0.6 | 179 (152–193) |
Data in order of intervention, either NR-BRJ or PL-BRJ first.
Data shown are median (IQR), mean (SD) or percentage (%).
P value is for independent t-test or Mann-Whitney test comparing groups.
BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CAT, COPD Assessment Test; ESWT, endurance shuttle walk test; FFMI, fat-free mass index; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale-Anxiety; HADS-D, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale-Depression; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; ISWT, incremental shuttle walk test; LABA, long-acting beta agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic agonist; LTOT, long-term oxygen therapy; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MRC, Medical Research Council; NR-BRJ, nitrate-rich beetroot juice; PL-BRJ, placebo beetroot juice; RV, residual volume; SABA, short-acting beta agonist; TLCO, transfer Factor for carbon monoxide corrected for haemoglobin.