Change scores and comparisons between participants randomised to usual care or CPAP
| Baseline mean (SD) | Final mean (SD) | Average within group change scores (95% CIs) | Between allocated group differences | |||||
| CPAP | Usual care | CPAP | Usual care | CPAP | Usual care | Mean (95% CI) | P values | |
| PASAT* | 99.17 (45.26) | 99.69 (46.28) | 117.66 (45.71) | 116.92 (47.17) |
18.19 (12.67 to 23.71) |
15.91 (8.40 to 23.41) | 2.29 (−7.09 to 11.66) | 0.63 |
| KSS† | 4.86 (2.32) | 4.24 (2.03) | 3.51 (1.82) | 4.14 (2.02) |
−1.36 (−1.99 to −0.72) | −0.09 (−0.79 to 0.61) |
−1.26 (−2.20, to −0.32) | 0.01 |
| RAVLT immediate recall* | 6.45 (2.27) | 6.12 (1.93) | 7.49 (2.22) | 7.03 (2.50) |
1.04 (0.49 to 1.59) |
0.91 (0.49 to 1.33) | 0.13 (−0.55 to 0.81) | 0.70 |
| RAVLT total recall* | 47.62 (12.27) | 46.95 (11.30) | 50.53 (11.56) | 49.93 (12.51) |
2.92 (0.68 to 5.16) |
2.99 (0.97 to 5.00) | −0.07 (−3.05 to 2.91) | 0.96 |
| RAVLT learning* | 5.00 (1.89) | 5.41 (2.05) | 4.15 (2.34) | 4.53 (2.31) |
−0.85 (−1.53 to −0.17) |
− 0.88
(−1.50 to −0.26) | 0.03 (−0.88 to 0.94) | 0.94 |
| RAVLT short term memory* | 9.51 (3.35) | 9.45 (3.83) | 9.99 (3.13) | 10.38 (3.55) | 0.51 (−0.22 to 1.25) | 0.99 (0.32 to 1.65) | −0.47 (−1.45 to 0.51) | 0.34 |
| RAVLT delayed recall* | 8.77 (3.87) | 8.97 (4.00) | 9.68 (3.70) | 10.09 (3.58) |
0.94 (0.27 to 1.62) |
1.08 (0.40 to 1.76) | −0.14 (−1.09 to 0.81) | 0.77 |
| RAVLT forgetting† | 2.69 (2.45) | 2.53 (2.43) | 1.96 (2.14) | 1.47 (2.20) |
−0.75 (−1.40 to −0.10) |
−1.05 (−1.64 to –0.47) | 0.30 (−0.56 to 1.17) | 0.49 |
| RAVLT recognition* | 12.70 (2.43) | 13.51 (1.51) | 13.55 (1.64) | 13.63 (1.63) |
0.73 (0.20 to 1.27) | 0.12 (−0.30 to 0.54) | 0.61 (−0.06 to 1.29) | 0.07 |
| SDMT* | 42.21 (11.04) | 42.19 (14.10) | 46.14 (11.74) | 43.62 (15.10) |
3.73 (1.52 to 5.93) | 1.43 (−0.94 to 3.81) | 2.30 (−0.93 to 5.52) | 0.16 |
| Digit Span forwards* | 9.78 (2.17) | 9.32 (2.35) | 10.14 (2.27) | 9.53 (2.43) | 0.36 (−0.16 to 0.87) | 0.21 (−0.23 to 0.65) | 0.15 (−0.52 to 0.81) | 0.67 |
| Digit Span backwards* | 8.05 (2.05) | 7.91 (2.18) | 8.55 (2.68) | 8.13 (2.58) |
0.49 (0.02 to 0.97) | 0.22 (−0.27 to 0.71) | 0.27 (−0.41 to 0.95) | 0.43 |
| HADS anxiety† | 5.57 (3.96) | 5.25 (3.84) | 4.42 (3.42) | 4.95 (3.25) |
−1.10 (−1.92 to −0.28) | −0.30 (−1.11 to 0.50) | −0.79 (−1.93 to 0.34) | 0.17 |
| HADS depression† | 6.28 (3.78) | 5.72 (4.07) | 5.16 (3.42) | 5.22 (3.80) |
−1.06 (−1.75 to −0.36) | −0.65 (−1.61 to 0.31) | −0.40 (−1.58 to 0.78) | 0.50 |
| POMS tension/anxiety† | 9.21 (7.00) | 8.22 (6.01) | 8.16 (6.42) | 6.45 (5.49) | −1.04 (−2.38 to 0.30) |
−1.81 (−2.95 to –0.67) | 0.77 (−0.97 to 2.51) | 0.38 |
| POMS depression† | 11.90 (10.40) | 11.68 (10.94) | 9.84 (10.53) | 8.81 (10.11) | −2.07 (−4.27 to 0.13) |
−2.96 (−5.19 to –0.73) | 0.89 (−2.21 to 4.00) | 0.57 |
| POMS anger† | 7.59 (6.28) | 7.15 (6.14) | 8.53 (7.31) | 6.61 (5.50) | 0.95 (−0.48 to 2.37) | −0.61 (−1.91 to 0.69) | 1.55 (−0.36 to 3.47) | 0.11 |
| POMS vigour* | 16.11 (6.46) | 16.76 (6.17) | 16.96 (6.64) | 17.77 (5.60) | 0.85 (−0.70 to 2.40) | 1.14 (−0.34 to 2.61) | −0.29 (−2.41 to 1.84) | 0.79 |
| POMS fatigue† | 10.75 (6.30) | 10.57 (6.03) | 9.66 (5.93) | 9.00 (5.82) | −1.10 (−2.37 to 0.17) |
−1.64 (−3.01 to –0.26) | 0.54 (−1.32 to 2.40) | 0.57 |
| POMS confusion† | 9.08 (5.30) | 7.62 (4.26) | 7.92 (5.20) | 7.27 (3.99) | −1.16 (−2.45 to 0.13) | −0.42 (−1.29 to 0.45) | −0.75 (−2.29 to 0.80) | 0.34 |
| POMS total† | 32.42 (32.81) | 28.47 (31.38) | 27.15 (35.67) | 20.37 (29.17) | −5.27 (−12.22 to 1.67) |
−8.57 (−14.93 to –2.21) | 3.29 (−6.04 to 12.63) | 0.49 |
| AQoL illness* | 0.15 (0.20) | 0.16 (0.21) | 0.36 (0.30) | 0.35 (0.29) |
0.20 (0.13 to 0.27) |
0.18 (0.13 to 0.24) | 0.02 (−0.07 to 0.11) | 0.65 |
| AQoL relationships* | 0.70 (0.26) | 0.71 (0.25) | 0.76 (0.17) | 0.76 (0.18) | 0.06 (−0.003 to 0.12) | 0.04 (−0.02 to 0.11) | 0.01 (−0.07 to 0.10) | 0.74 |
| AQoL sensory* | 0.95 (0.07) | 0.94 (0.10) | 0.95 (0.08) | 0.93 (0.09) | −0.01 (−0.03 to 0.01) | −0.001 (−0.02 to 0.01) | −0.01 (−0.03 to 0.02) | 0.51 |
| AQoL mental health* | 0.81 (0.16) | 0.81 (0.17) | 0.83 (0.14) | 0.84 (0.12) | 0.02 (−0.02 to 0.07) | 0.03 (−0.01 to 0.07) | −0.01 (−0.06 to 0.05) | 0.83 |
| AQoL total health utility* | 0.14 (0.14) | 0.15 (0.16) | 0.29 (0.23) | 0.27 (0.19) |
0.15 (0.09 to 0.20) |
0.11 (0.08 to 0.15) | 0.03 (−0.03 to 0.10) | 0.32 |
| BNSQ† | 42.31 (11.18) | 42.07 (11.28) | 36.71 (10.66) | 38.82 (11.58) |
−6.44 (−9.27 to 3.62) |
−3.58 (−6.42 to –0.74) | 2.86 (−1.11 to 6.84) | 0.16 |
Bold indicates significant within-group improvement from baseline. P values refer to between-group comparisons of change scores.
↵*Higher test scores represent better functioning.
†Lower test scores represent better functioning.
AQoL, Assessment of Quality of Life; BNSQ, Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire; Digit Span, Digit Span subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV; HADS , Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; KSS, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale; PASAT, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task; KSS, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale; POMS, Profile of Mood States; RAVLT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; SDMT, Symbol Digit Modalities Test.