Vaping message elements’ impact, n=810
| Message element | Primary outcome | Secondary outcomes from Tobacco Warnings Model | Other outcomes | ||||||
| Perceived effectiveness | Attention | Cognitive elaboration | Negative affect | Social interactions | Perceived harm | Perceived effectiveness, smoking | Cognitive elaboration, smoking | Reactance | |
| B | B | B | B | B | B | B | B | B | |
| Traditional harms | |||||||||
| 1 harm versus absent | 0.24** | 0.20* | 0.25** | 0.25** | 0.14 | 0.27** | 0.28** | 0.25** | 0.17 |
| 3 harms versus absent | 0.18* | 0.11 | 0.19* | 0.20* | 0.10 | 0.26** | 0.19* | 0.20* | 0.13 |
| COVID-19 harm | |||||||||
| 1 harm versus absent | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.04 | −0.01 | −0.03 | 0.09 | −0.03 | 0.14 |
Bs are unstandardised regression coefficients on standardised dependent variables. Two-way interactions between traditional health harms and COVID-19 harm were not statistically significant in initial models and so were removed from the final models. Bold indicates statistically significant effects. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.