Product use and ratio of levels of exposure to HPHC in HnB users compared with cigarette smokers on the fifth day of confinement
| Lüdicke et al 47 2016 | Lüdicke et al 46 2017 | Haziza et al 44 2016 | Haziza et al 45 2016 | Lüdicke et al 48 49 2018 | |
| Affiliation | PMI | PMI | PMI | PMI | PMI |
| HnB product | CHTP | THS 2.1 | Regular IQOS | Regular IQOS | Menthol IQOS |
| Reference product | Regular cigarette | Regular cigarette | Regular cigarette | Regular cigarette | Menthol cigarette |
| Mean (SD) HnB vs cigarettes use on day 5 | 19.7 (7.8) vs 18.8 (4.4) | 27.2 (9.1) vs 20.1 (3.2) | 9.9 (3.9) vs 12.5 (3.5) | 20.7 (8.1) vs 16.6 (3.8) | 13.9 (4.3) vs 13.6 (4.7) |
| Exposure to HPHC % (95% CI) HnB:cigarettes ratio | |||||
| 1,3-Butadiene | 10% | 12% (9% to 16%) | 23% (18% to 29%) | 8% (7% to 10%) | 13% |
| 1-Aminonaphthalene | – | – | 4% (4% to 5%) | 4% (3% to 5%) | 6% |
| 2-Aminonaphthalene | 19% | 11% (8% to 14%) | 18% (15% to 21%) | 12% (10% to 13%) | 14% |
| 4-Aminobiphenyl | 16% | 41% (31% to *53%) | 18% (15% to 22%) | 15% (13% to 17%) | 21% |
| Acetaldehyde* | – | – | – | – | – |
| Acrolein | 26% | 28% (23% to 33%) | 53% (46% to 61%) | 42% (38% to 46%) | 52% |
| Acrylonitrile | – | 15% (12% to 18%) | 21% (18% to 25%) | 13% (12% to 15%) | 18% |
| Ammonia* | – | – | – | – | – |
| Benzene | 16% | 7% (5% to 10%) | 16% (13% to 19%) | 6% (5% to 7%) | 11% |
| Benzo[a]pyrene | – | – | 30% (25% to 36%) | 28% (23% to 33%) | 28% |
| Carbon monoxide | 39% | 23% (21% to 26%) | 47% (44% to 50%) | 24% (22% to 25%) | 45% |
| Crotonaldehyde | – | – | 38% (32% to 45%) | 23% (20% to 25%) | 43% |
| Formaldehyde* | – | – | – | – | – |
| Isoprene* | – | – | – | – | – |
| N-nitrosonornicotine | 12% (9% to 16%) | 30% (24% to 38%) | 24% (18% to 33%) | 29% | |
| Nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone | 52% | 33% (25% to 44%) | 49% (42% to 57%) | 44% (39% to 48%) | 44% |
| Toluene* | – | – | – | – | – |
| Nicotine | – | 85% (62% to 115%) | 113% (91% to 140%)‡/89.6%§ | 113% (91% to 140%) | – |
| Nicotine equivalents | 111% | 87% (76% to 100%) | 105% (92% to 120%)‡/98.6%§ | 105% (92% to 120%) | 118% |
| Cotinine | 110% | 88% (75% to 103%) | 96% (71% to 131%) | 111% (91% to 136%) | – |
| Ethylene oxide | – | – | 47% (40% to 55%) | 32% (27% to 38%) | 51% |
| Pyrene | 57% | 43% (36% to 51%) | 46% (41% to 52%) | 44% (40% to 49%) | 38% |
| o-Toluidine | 49% | 58% (48% to 71%) | 51% (42% to 60%) | 42% (36% to 48%) | 41% |
*Exposure to acetaldehyde, ammonia, formaldehyde, isoprene and toluene was not measured due to absence of valid biomarkers.
†Originally reported proportions.
‡Proportions calculated based on raw study figures.
HnB, heat-not-burn tobacco product; HPHC, harmful and potentially harmful compounds; –, not measured; PMI , Philip Morris International.