Adjusted β coefficients and standard errors from the regression of heaviness of smoking index on socioeconomic status indicators and other covariates
| Covariates | USA | Canada | UK | Australia |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *p<0.05; **p<0.01. | ||||
| Female | −0.39 (0.07)** | −0.30 (0.06)** | −0.38 (0.06)** | −0.30 (0.07)** |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–24 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 25–39 | 0.43 (0.11)** | 0.46 (0.10)** | 0.50 (0.12)** | 0.52 (0.10)** |
| 40–54 | 0.86 (0.11)** | 1.00 (0.10)** | 0.78 (0.12)** | 0.91 (0.10)** |
| 55+ | 0.87 (0.12)** | 0.62 (0.11)** | 0.70 (0.12)** | 1.09 (0.12)** |
| No. of smokers in household | 0.29 (0.05)** | 0.10 (0.05)* | 0.19 (0.05)** | 0.18 (0.05)** |
| Education | ||||
| Low | 0.46 (0.11)** | 0.64 (0.09)** | 0.39 (0.07)** | 0.52 (0.08)** |
| Medium | 0.16 (0.08)* | 0.44 (0.07)** | 0.29 (0.08)** | 0.15 (0.09) |
| High | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Income | ||||
| Low | 0.22 (0.10)* | 0.44 (0.09)** | 0.25 (0.08)** | 0.46 (0.09)** |
| Medium | 0.07 (0.10) | 0.21 (0.08)* | 0.23 (0.08)** | 0.09 (0.08) |
| High | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| No information | 0.03 (0.15) | 0.10 (0.13) | 0.26 (0.12)* | 0.16 (0.15) |