Differences in incidence and mortality of hospital-onset bloodstream infection after emergence of COVID-19
| Variable | HOB all pathogens | HOB excluding all possible contaminants* | ||||
| Group | Controls | Non-COVID-19 | COVID-19 | Controls | Non-COVID-19 | COVID-19 |
| Time period | January 2018 to February 2020 | March 2020 to January 2021 | March 2020 to January 2021 | January 2018 to February 2020 | March 2020 to January 2021 | March 2020 to January 2021 |
| Person-time at risk (days) | 393 503 | 130 578 | 33 805 | 404 245 | 134 644 | 38 972 |
| HOB (n) | 1370 | 552 | 369 | 757 | 292 | 181 |
| Incidence rate Number of outcomes/1000 days at risk (95% CI) | 3.48 (3.30 to 3.67) | 4.23 (3.88 to 4.60) | 10.92 (9.83 to 12.09) | 1.87 (1.74 to 2.01) | 2.17 (1.93 to 2.43) | 4.64 (3.99 to 5.37) |
| Crude IRR (95% CI) | Ref | 1.21 (1.10 to 1.34) | 3.14 (2.79 to 3.51) | Ref | 1.16 (1.01 to 1.32) | 2.48 (2.10 to 2.91) |
| Adjusted IRR† (95% CI) | Ref | 1.20 (1.08 to 1.32) | 3.34 (2.97 to 3.75) | Ref | 1.15 (1.00 to 1.31)‡ | 2.66 (2.25 to 3.13) |
| 30-day mortality, n (%) | 161 (12) | 96 (17) | 74 (20) | 101 (13) | 60 (21) | 42 (23) |
| Crude OR (95% CI) | Ref | 1.59 (1.20 to 2.08) | 1.89 (1.39 to 2.55) | Ref | 1.68 (1.18 to 2.39) | 1.97 (1.31 to 2.93) |
| Adjusted OR§ (95% CI) | Ref | 1.63 (1.22 to 2.16) | 2.44 (1.75 to 3.38) | Ref | 1.73 (1.19 to 2.49) | 2.51 (1.61 to 3.90) |
*Contaminants were identified using the organism list from National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Patient Safety Component Manual (version 2021) provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
†Poisson regression adjusted for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index and urgent versus planned admission.
‡Statistically significant (p=0.04).
§Logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index and urgent versus planned admission.
HOB, hospital-onset bloodstream infection; IRR, incidence rate ratio.