Table 1

Characteristics of 837 respondents to an anonymous survey of speaking up climates for safety and professionalism, safety climate and teamwork climate*

Calibration sampleValidation sample
CharacteristicInstitution A
n=147 (%)
Institution B
n=126 (%)
Institution A/B†
n=80 (%)
Total n=353 (%)Institution C
n=128 (%)
Institution D
n=169 (%)
Institution E
n=94 (%)
Institution F
n=93 (%)
Total n=484 (%)
Female71 (49)66 (52)33 (43)170 (49)69 (54)91 (55)41 (45)41 (45)242 (51)
Surgical42 (29)31 (25)74 (93)147 (42)52 (41)74 (44)47 (50)34 (37)207 (43)
PGY level
 PGY-142 (29)41 (33)15 (19)98 (28)42 (33)51 (31)25 (27)33 (35)151 (31)
 PGY-228 (26)30 (24)22 (28)90 (26)30 (23)46 (28)26 (28)22 (24)124 (26)
 PGY-349 (34)37 (30)13 (16)99 (28)36 (28)36 (22)25 (27)21 (23)118 (24)
 PGY-411 (8)10 (8)13 (16)34 (10)11 (9)13 (8)7 (7)11 (12)42 (9)
 PGY-5 or above5 (3)7 (6)16 (20)28 (8)9 (7)21 (16)11 (12)6 (6)47 (10)
Received formal training in patient safety114 (79)109 (88)68 (88)291 (82)125 (98)159 (95)88 (94)85 (91)457 (95)
  • *Not all respondents answered every sociodemographic question. There were up to 15 (1.7%) missing responses for some items.

  • †Some residents had affiliations with both institution A and institution B.

  • PGY, postgraduate year.