| Self-certified | Medically confirmed | |||
| ⩾4 days | >2 weeks | >60 days | ||
| Base model* | 1.46 (1.34 to 1.59) | 1.34 (1.22 to 1.47) | 1.25 (1.08 to 1.45) | 1.06 (0.79 to 1.44) |
| Health status | ||||
| Physical functioning | 1.39 (1.28 to 1.51) | 1.22 (1.12 to 1.33) | 1.11 (0.97 to 1.27) | 0.91 (0.69 to 1.20) |
| Mental functioning | 1.46 (1.35 to 1.59) | 1.35 (1.23 to 1.48) | 1.25 (1.09 to 1.45) | 1.04 (0.78 to 1.39) |
| Limiting longstanding illness | 1.46 (1.34 to 1.58) | 1.34 (1.23 to 1.46) | 1.24 (1.08 to 1.42) | 1.05 (0.81 to 1.37) |
| Self-rated health | 1.47 (1.36 to 1.60) | 1.35 (1.24 to 1.48) | 1.27 (1.11 to 1.45) | 1.07 (0.82 to 1.38) |
| Diagnosed diseases | 1.34 (1.23 to 1.45) | 1.17 (1.07 to 1.28) | 1.08 (0.94 to 1.24) | 0.86 (0.65 to 1.14) |
| All health status measures | 1.35 (1.25 to 1.46) | 1.16 (1.07 to 1.27) | 1.09 (0.96 to 1.24) | 0.87 (0.67 to 1.13) |
| Working conditions | ||||
| Physical demands | 1.43 (1.31 to 1.56) | 1.24 (1.13 to 1.36) | 1.13 (0.97 to 1.31) | 0.95 (0.70 to 1.29) |
| Mental demands | 1.46 (1.34 to 1.59) | 1.34 (1.22 to 1.48) | 1.25 (1.08 to 1.45) | 1.06 (0.79 to 1.43) |
| Job strain (Karasek) | 1.46 (1.34 to 1.58) | 1.32 (1.21 to 1.45) | 1.24 (1.07 to 1.44) | 1.06 (0.79 to 1.43) |
| Work fatigue | 1.44 (1.32 to 1.56) | 1.31 (1.19 to 1.43) | 1.19 (1.04 to 1.38) | 1.00 (0.76 to 1.31) |
| Job satisfaction | 1.48 (1.37 to 1.61) | 1.37 (1.25 to 1.51) | 1.30 (1.12 to 1.50) | 1.10 (0.83 to 1.47) |
| Bullying at workplace | 1.45 (1.33 to 1.57) | 1.33 (1.21 to 1.46) | 1.24 (1.07 to 1.43) | 1.04 (0.78 to 1.40) |
| Being bullied | 1.46 (1.34 to 1.58) | 1.34 (1.22 to 1.47) | 1.25 (1.08 to 1.44) | 1.05 (0.79 to 1.41) |
| All working conditions | 1.44 (1.32 to 1.57) | 1.23 (1.12 to 1.35) | 1.13 (0.98 to 1.31) | 0.94 (0.71 to 1.26) |
| Family-related factors | ||||
| Marital status | 1.43 (1.32 to 1.55) | 1.32 (1.20 to 1.45) | 1.23 (1.06 to 1.42) | 1.05 (0.77 to 1.42) |
| Having children in the family | 1.46 (1.35 to 1.59) | 1.34 (1.22 to 1.47) | 1.25 (1.08 to 1.45) | 1.06 (0.79 to 1.43) |
| Work/home conflict | 1.48 (1.36 to 1.61) | 1.35 (1.23 to 1.49) | 1.27 (1.10 to 1.48) | 1.09 (0.81 to 1.47) |
| Social networks | 1.46 (1.35 to 1.59) | 1.34 (1.22 to 1.47) | 1.25 (1.08 to 1.45) | 1.07 (0.79 to 1.44) |
| Social support | 1.47 (1.36 to 1.60) | 1.36 (1.24 to 1.49) | 1.27 (1.10 to 1.48) | 1.08 (0.80 to 1.46) |
| Negative events in the family | 1.45 (1.33 to 1.58) | 1.33 (1.21 to 1.46) | 1.24 (1.07 to 1.44) | 1.04 (0.77 to 1.41) |
| All family-related factors | 1.44 (1.33 to 1.56) | 1.35 (1.23 to 1.48) | 1.27 (1.09 to 1.46) | 1.04 (0.77 to 1.41) |
| All adjustments | 1.34 (1.23 to 1.45) | 1.12 (1.02 to 1.20) | 1.02 (0.89 to 1.16) | 0.82 (0.62 to 1.07) |
*All models adjusted for age and occupational class.