Physical risk factors among 483 employees and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for having tennis elbow
| Women | Men | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model I* | Model II† | Model I* | Model II† | |||||||||
| Question (item) and category of answer | n | OR | 95% CI | n | OR | 95% CI | n | OR | 95% CI | n | OR | 95% CI |
| *Adjusted for age and body mass index. | ||||||||||||
| †Adjusted for age, body mass index, and psychosocial factors: demands, low control, and low social support at work. | ||||||||||||
| Working posture | ||||||||||||
| Arms lifted in front of body | ||||||||||||
| Never or almost never | 113 | 1.0 | 106 | 1.0 | 78 | 1.0 | 75 | 1.0 | ||||
| 1/4 to 1/2 of the time | 78 | 2.1 | 1.1 to 4.0 | 72 | 2.0 | 1.0 to 3.9 | 73 | 2.6 | 1.3 to 5.1 | 68 | 2.7 | 1.3 to 5.5 |
| 3/4 to almost all the time | 71 | 4.4 | 2.3 to 8.3 | 66 | 4.0 | 2.0 to 8.3 | 62 | 2.1 | 1.1 to 4.3 | 54 | 1.9 | 0.9 to 4.3 |
| Hands bent or twisted | ||||||||||||
| Never or almost never | 150 | 1.0 | 137 | 1.0 | 111 | 1.0 | 103 | 1.0 | ||||
| 1/4 to 1/2 of the time | 73 | 2.9 | 1.6 to 5.2 | 69 | 2.8 | 1.4 to 5.4 | 63 | 1.9 | 1.0 to 3.6 | 59 | 1.6 | 0.8 to 3.3 |
| 3/4 to almost all the time | 39 | 10.0 | 4.1 to 22.4 | 38 | 7.4 | 2.9 to 18.7 | 39 | 3.2 | 1.5 to 6.9 | 35 | 3.2 | 1.3 to 7.9 |
| Repetitive movements | ||||||||||||
| Same movements of fingers or hands | ||||||||||||
| Never or almost never | 102 | 1.0 | 93 | 1.0 | 89 | 1.0 | 85 | 1.0 | ||||
| 1/4 to 1/2 of the time | 98 | 1.5 | 0.8 to 2.7 | 95 | 1.3 | 0.7 to 2.5 | 84 | 1.5 | 0.8 to 2.9 | 77 | 1.7 | 0.9 to 3.3 |
| 3/4 to almost all the time | 62 | 2.8 | 1.4 to 5.4 | 56 | 1.9 | 0.9 to 4.0 | 40 | 2.2 | 1.0 to 4.8 | 35 | 2.2 | 0.9 to 5.3 |
| Same movements of arms | ||||||||||||
| Never or almost never | 166 | 1.0 | 153 | 1.0 | 117 | 1.0 | 106 | 1.0 | ||||
| 1/4 to 1/2 of the time | 48 | 1.8 | 0.9 to 3.4 | 47 | 1.5 | 0.7 to 3.1 | 54 | 1.9 | 1.0 to 3.7 | 54 | 1.8 | 0.9 to 3.6 |
| 3/4 to almost all the time | 48 | 4.8 | 2.4 to 9.8 | 44 | 3.7 | 1.7 to 8.3 | 42 | 2.5 | 1.2 to 5.2 | 37 | 1.9 | 0.8 to 4.6 |
| Precision | ||||||||||||
| Work demands precision movements | ||||||||||||
| Never or almost never | 218 | 1.0 | 202 | 1.0 | 155 | 1.0 | 143 | 1.0 | ||||
| 1/4 to 1/2 of the time | 23 | 1.7 | 0.9 to 4.2 | 22 | 1.5 | 0.6 to 3.9 | 38 | 1.0 | 0.5 to 2.2 | 37 | 1.0 | 0.5 to 2.2 |
| 3/4 to almost all the time | 21 | 1.1 | 0.4 to 2.8 | 20 | 0.9 | 0.3 to 2.5 | 20 | 5.4 | 1.7 to 17.1 | 17 | 5.2 | 1.5 to 17.9 |
| Vibration | ||||||||||||
| Work with hand held vibrating tools | ||||||||||||
| Never or almost never | 245 | 1.0 | 227 | 1.0 | 165 | 1.0 | 152 | 1.0 | ||||
| 1/4 to 1/2 of the time | 10 | 3.5 | 0.9 to 13.9 | 10 | 3.5 | 0.9 to 14.5 | 36 | 2.8 | 1.3 to 5.9 | 35 | 2.9 | 1.3 to 6.3 |
| 3/4 to almost all the time | 7 | 2.0 | 0.4 to 9.5 | 7 | 0.9 | 0.2 to 5.3 | 12 | 1.6 | 0.5 to 5.2 | 10 | 1.4 | 0.4 to 5.3 |
| Force F | ||||||||||||
| Use of heavy tools weighing ≥1 kg | ||||||||||||
| No force full work | 191 | 1.0 | 177 | 1.0 | 123 | 1.0 | 114 | 1.0 | ||||
| Force full work | 72 | 2.8 | 1.6 to 5.0 | 68 | 3.0 | 1.6 to 5.5 | 94 | 2.2 | 1.3 to 3.9 | 85 | 2.1 | 1.1 to 3.8 |
| Force index | ||||||||||||
| Use of tools weighing 100 g to 1 kg and/or use of heavy tools ≥1 kg | ||||||||||||
| No force full work (0) | 153 | 1.0 | 143 | 1.0 | 90 | 1.0 | 83 | 1.0 | ||||
| Force full work level 1 (1) | 63 | 2.9 | 1.6 to 5.5 | 58 | 2.6 | 1.3 to 5.3 | 71 | 2.0 | 1.0 to 3.8 | 66 | 2.0 | 1.0 to 4.1 |
| Force full work level 2 (2) | 40 | 4.0 | 1.9 to 8.4 | 39 | 4.6 | 2.1 to 10.3 | 53 | 3.8 | 1.8 to 8.9 | 48 | 3.5 | 1.6 to 7.7 |