Background characteristics by case-referent group and gender for 483 participants in case-referent study of risk factors for tennis elbow
| Case group (n=209) | Reference group (n=274) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | Male | Female | Male | ||||||
| Variables | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | p value* |
| *χ2 test for difference in distribution between case group and reference group. | |||||||||
| Gender | 109 | 52.2 | 100 | 47.8 | 156 | 56.9 | 118 | 43.1 | 0.52 |
| Age (y) | 0.30 | ||||||||
| 18–35 | 30 | 14.4 | 25 | 12.0 | 31 | 11.3 | 29 | 10.6 | |
| 36–45 | 44 | 21.1 | 42 | 20.1 | 76 | 27.7 | 46 | 16.8 | |
| 46–66 | 35 | 16.7 | 33 | 15.8 | 49 | 17.9 | 43 | 15.7 | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 0.09 | ||||||||
| <20 | 15 | 7.2 | 4 | 1.9 | 17 | 6.2 | 2 | 0.7 | |
| 20–25 | 45 | 21.5 | 36 | 17.2 | 79 | 28.8 | 55 | 20.1 | |
| >25 | 48 | 23.0 | 49 | 23.4 | 59 | 21.5 | 61 | 22.3 | |
| Highest obtained level of school education | <0.001 | ||||||||
| 7th–10th grade | 88 | 42.1 | 85 | 40.7 | 95 | 35.5 | 91 | 33.2 | |
| College (gymnasium) | 19 | 9.1 | 15 | 7.2 | 60 | 21.9 | 27 | 9.9 | |
| Musculoskeletal pain (indication of pain in 10 body regions within past three months) | |||||||||
| Headache | 66 | 31.6 | 43 | 20.6 | 102 | 37.2 | 57 | 20.8 | 0.20 |
| Neck | 65 | 31.1 | 53 | 25.4 | 107 | 39.1 | 60 | 21.9 | 0.32 |
| Upper back | 54 | 25.8 | 37 | 17.7 | 72 | 26.3 | 33 | 12.0 | 0.25 |
| Shoulders | 81 | 38.8 | 58 | 27.8 | 72 | 26.3 | 44 | 16.1 | <0.001 |
| Elbows | 107 | 51.2 | 96 | 45.9 | 26 | 9.5 | 21 | 7.7 | <0.001 |
| Forearms and hands | 99 | 47.4 | 78 | 37.3 | 43 | 15.7 | 25 | 9.1 | <0.001 |
| Lower back | 54 | 25.8 | 60 | 28.7 | 82 | 29.9 | 56 | 20.4 | 0.36 |
| Hips | 16 | 7.7 | 10 | 4.8 | 25 | 9.1 | 13 | 4.7 | 0.65 |
| Knees | 30 | 14.4 | 36 | 17.2 | 54 | 19.7 | 35 | 12.8 | 0.83 |
| Ankles and feet | 24 | 11.5 | 22 | 10.5 | 25 | 9.1 | 19 | 6.9 | 0.10 |