Table 2

Work related mechanical risk factors and new onset shoulder pain* (univariate associations)

Exposure	Shoulder pain				Unadjusted		Adjusted*
	Baseline		12 months		Unadjusted		Adjusted*
	No	Yes	No	Yes	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
*Adjusted for gender, age group, and occupation.
Manual handling activities
Lifting with one or two hands
Never	189	20	142	18	1	Referent	1	Referent
⩽22 lb	163	33	128	27	1.8	1.2 to 2.8	1.9	1.2 to 3.1
>22 lb	179	37	1233	26	1.8	1.2 to 2.8	2.2	1.3 to 3.8
Carrying on one shoulder
Never	441	63	315	56	1	Referent	1	Referent
⩽25 lb	48	11	42	10	1.5	0.9 to 2.5	1.5	0.9 to 2.6
>25 lb	47	16	37	6	1.7	1.0–2.8	1.8	0.99 to 3.4
Lifting at or above shoulder level
Never	409	62	319	49	1	Referent	1	Referent
⩽20 lb	60	13	41	14	1.8	1.1 to .8	2.0	1.2 to 3.3
>20 lb	63	17	35	9	1.7	1.1 to 2.8	2.2	1.2 to 3.9
Pushing/pulling
Never	332	48	586	86	1	Referent	1	Referent
<70 lb	98	16	180	30	1.1	0.7 to 1.8	1.3	0.8 to 2.2
⩾70 lb	105	27	162	47	2.0	1.3 to 2.9	2.6	1.6 to 4.2
Posture
Drive as part of job
No	473	79	322	54	1	Referent	1	Referent
Yes	66	14	73	18	1.4	0.9 to 2.1	1.5	0.9 to 2.5
Stretching below knee level
Never	310	42	212	41	1	Referent	1	Referent
<15 min	173	36	142	22	1.2	0.8 to 1.7	1.1	0.8 to 1.7
⩾15 min	54	14	41	10	1.6	0.96 to 2.6	1.6	0.95 to 2.8
Working with hands above shoulder
Never	315	46	213	35	1	Referent	1	Referent
<15 min	125	18	126	23	1.1	0.7 to 1.6	1.1	0.7 to 1.7
⩾15 min	94	28	57	15	1.9	1.2 to 2.8	1.9	1.2 to 2.9
Repetitive arm/wrist movements
Never	119	15	107	23	1	Referent	1	Referent
<2 hours	206	39	136	22	1.1	0.7 to 1.6	1.0	0.6 to 1.6
⩾2 hours	212	39	152	27	1.1	0.7 to 1.7	1.0	0.6 to 1.6