Final ranking list of the 27 risk factors contributing to the occurrence of DRPs rated by the expert panel as ‘important’ (Likert scale: 4) or ‘rather important’ (Likert scale: 3)
| Risk factor | Delphi | NGT | Literature | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | IQR | Ranking list | Qualitative analysis | ||
| Dementia, cognitive situation, low IQ, confused patient | 4 | 4.00–4.00 | Yes | 10, 17, 18, 19, 20 | |
| Polypharmacy (number of drugs >5) | 4 | 4.00–4.00 | Yes | Yes | 10, 17, 18, 21, 22, 5 |
| Antiepileptics | 4 | 4.00–4.00 | Yes | 23, 24, 20, 25 | |
| Anticoagulants | 4 | 4.00–4.00 | Yes | 10, 21, 23, 26, 5 | |
| Combinations of NSAID and oral anticoagulants | 4 | 4.00–4.00 | Yes | 20 | |
| Insulin | 4 | 4.00–4.00 | Yes | 10, 23, 24 | |
| Missing information, half-knowledge of the patient, the patient does not understand the goal of the therapy | 4 | 4.00–3.25 | Yes | 11 | |
| Medication with a narrow therapeutic window | 4 | 4.00–3.25 | Yes | Yes | 5 |
| Non-adherence | 4 | 4.00–3.00 | Yes | 10 | |
| Polymorbidity | 3.5 | 4.00–3.00 | Yes | Yes | 10, 22 |
| Digoxin | 3 | 4.00–3.00 | 24, 20, 27 | ||
| Renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min) | 3 | 4.00–3.00 | Yes | 10, 22, 20 | |
| NSAIDs | 3 | 4.00–3.00 | Yes | 5, 10, 21, 23, 24, 25 | |
| Experience of ADR | 3 | 3.75–3.00 | Yes | Yes | 22 |
| Medication that is difficult to handle | 3 | 3.75–3.00 | Yes | ||
| Language issues (ie, non-native speakers) | 3 | 3.00–3.00 | Yes | Yes | |
| Diuretics | 3 | 3.00–3.00 | Yes | 5, 10, 19, 23, 24, 26, 25 | |
| Tricyclic antidepressants | 3 | 3.00–3.00 | 21, 20 | ||
| Hepatic impairment | 3 | 3.00–3.00 | Yes | 22, 20 | |
| Self-medication with non-prescribed medicines | 3 | 3.00–3.00 | Yes | Yes | |
| Impaired manual skills (causing handling difficulties) | 3 | 3.00–3.00 | Yes | ||
| Visual impairment | 3 | 3.00–3.00 | Yes | Yes | 17 |
| Anticholinergic drugs | 3 | 3.00–3.00 | 28 | ||
| Benzodiazepines | 3 | 3.00–3.00 | 21, 20, 28, 25, 29 | ||
| Opiates/opioids | 3 | 3.00–3.00 | 10, 23, 26, 20, 25 | ||
| Corticosteroids | 3 | 3.00–2.00 | 10, 23, 24 | ||
| Oral antidiabetics | 3 | 3.00–2.00 | 10, 23, 24 | ||
The sequence represents the ratings of the Delphi survey indicating median ratings and IQR, and appearance in the NGT ranking list, the qualitative analysis of the NGT and in the literature. Factors with no reference in the literature section were only mentioned by the experts.
ADR, adverse drug reaction; DRP, drug-related problem; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; NGT, nominal group technique; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.