General study characteristics
| Reference | Sample size, baseline BMI (kg/m²) | Age (years), female (%) male (%) | Duration (years) | SFA/PUFA/MUFA/trans FA (as indicated by the investigators) | LA, ALA | Fish consumption advice | TF, cholesterol | Inclusion criteria | Supplement | Energy amount (end of the study) | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ball et al (1965)20* | 264 nd | <65 100% | 4 | I: 9%, 5%, 8% C: 16–18%, 7%, 15% | I: 4.5% C: 6.3% | I: 22%, 330 mg C: 47%, 650–750 mg | Post-MI | – | 2030 2360 | ACM, CVM, CVE, MI | |
| Burr et al (1989)27 | 2033 | 56.6 100% | 2 | I: 11.3%, 8.9%, 12.1% C: 15%, 6.4%, 13.6% | I: 8.01% C: 5.76% | I: 32.3% C: 35%, 650–750 mg | Post-MI | – | nd | ACM, CVM, CVE | |
| de Lorgeril et al (1994)24 | 605 nd | 53.5 9.25% 90.75% | 4 | I: 8.3%, 8.2%, 12.9% C: 11.7%, 11.4%, 10.3% | I: 3.6%, 0.81% C: 5.3%, 0.27% | yes | I: 30.5%, 217 C: 32.7%, 318 mg | Post-MI | I: Canola oil based margarine | 1928 2140 | ACM, CVM, CVE |
| Howard et al (2006)32 | 2277 29.1 | 62.3 100% | 6 | I: 9.5%, 6.1%, 10.8%, 1.8% C: 12.4%, 7.5%, 14.2%, 2.4% | I: 5.49% C: 6.75% | I: 28.8%, 193.6 mg C: 37%, 243.5 mg | Post-MI, stroke, CABG or PCI | – | 1431 1546 | CVM, CVE, MI, stroke | |
| Leren et al (1970)21* | 412 nd | 56.25 100% | 5 | I: 8.5%, 20.7%, 10.1% C: 16–18%, 7%, 15% | I: 14.8%, 2.7% C: 3.3%, nd | yes | I: 39%; 264 mg C: 40%, 650–750 mg | Post-MI | I: 75 g Soya-bean oil | 2380 | ACM, CVM, CVE, MI |
| MRC (1968)26 | 393 nd | 53.5 100% | 5 | I: 11.3%, 20.4%, 14.3% C: 26.4%, 4.4%, 12.2% | I: 16.3%, 2.3% C: 3.96 | I: 46% C: 43%, 650–750 mg | Post-MI | I: 85 g soya-bean oil | nd nd | ACM, CVM, CVE, MI | |
| Michalsen et al (2006)29 | 101 26.55 | 59.4 23% 77% | 1 | I: 10.1%, 6.1%, 10.6% C: 13%, 7.4%, 12.2% | I: 4.8%, 0.72% C: 6.2%, 0.7% | yes | I: 32.2%, 251 C: 35.2%, 265 mg | CAD verified by coronary angiography | – | 2241 2237 | – |
| Rose et al (1965)*22 | 80 nd | <70 100% | 2 | I: instructed to avoid fried foods, fatty meats, sausages, pastry, ice-cream, cheese, cakes, butter, milk, eggs restricted I-olive: 11.7%, 8.7%, 26% I-corn: 14%, 21.85%, 14.9% C: no advice on dietary fat C: 16–18%, 7%, 7% | I-olive: 8.2%, 0.28% I-corn: 19.7%, 0.07% C: 6.3% | I-olive: 46.2% I-corn: 50.5% C: 32.5% | Post-MI, angina pectoris | I: 80 g olive oil; 80 g corn oil | 2045 2070 1933 | ACM, CVM, CVE, MI | |
| Singh et al (1992)31 | 406 23.8 | 51.25 12% 88% | 1 | I: 7.2%, 8.6%, 8% C: 10.8%, 7%, 10.2% | I: 7.74% C: 6.3% | yes | I: 23.8% C: 28% | Post-MI, unstable angina pectoris | – | 1810 1940 | ACM, CVM, CVE, MI |
| Sondergaard et al (2003)30 | 131 nd | 62.5 30% 70% | 1 | I: 10.3%, 7.5%, 8.4% C: 12%, 6.8%, 10.1% | I: 6.75% C: 6.3% | yes | I: 26.2% C: 28.9% | Post-MI, stable/unstable angina pectoris | – | 1520 1550 | – |
| Watts et al (1992)28 | 90 26.25 | 51.4 100% | 3 | I: 8–10%, 8%, 10%, 1.08% C: 17%, 5.2%,14.8%,, 1.8% | I: 5%, 0.32% C: 3.9%, 0.41% | I: 27% C: 37% | Angina pectoris | – | nd | ACM, CVM, CVE, MI | |
| Woodhill et al (1978)25 Ramsden et al (2013)33 | 458 nd | 49 100% | 5 | I: 9.8%, 15.2%, 11.5% C: 13.5%, 8.9%, 13.8% | I: 15%, nd C: 8%, nd | I: 38.3%, 248 C: 38.1%, 342 | Post-MI, angina pectoris, coronary insufficiency | – | 2289 2191 | ACM, CVM, CVE |
*SFA, MUFA and PUFA for study control groups were imputed based on average background dietary intakes in similar populations of the Diet Heart Study control group of 1968.26
ACM, all-cause mortality; ALA, α-linolenic acid; BMI, body mass index; C, control; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft ,CAD, coronary artery disease; CVE, cardiovascular events; CVM, cardiovascular mortality; FA, fatty acids; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; I, intervention; LA, linoleic acid; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MI, myocardial infarction; MUFA, monounsaturated fat; nd, no data; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PUFA, polyunsaturated fat; SFA, saturated fat; TC, total cholesterol; TF, total fat; TG, triacylglycerols.