Results from cost-effectiveness model
| Duration of effect of intervention beyond the end of the trial (model time horizon=11* years in all cases) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 years | 2 years | 5 years | 10 years | |
| Unadjusted costs and QALYs | ||||
| Usual care mean cost (SD) | £2727 (£29) | £2727 (£29) | £2727 (£29) | £2727 (£29) |
| Intervention mean cost (SD) | £3146 (£33) | £3126 (£31) | £3105 (£31) | £3089 (£31) |
| Usual care mean QALYs (SD) | 6.755 (0.021) | 6.755 (0.021) | 6.755 (0.021) | 6.755 (0.021) |
| Intervention mean QALYs (SD) | 6.831 (0.021) | 6.835 (0.021) | 6.838 (0.021) | 6.840 (0.021) |
| Incremental costs (95% CI) | £419 (£332 to £505) | £399 (£315 to £483) | £378 (£294 to £462) | £362 (£278 to £447) |
| Incremental QALYs (95% CI) | 0.076 (0.017 to 0.135) | 0.079 (0.020 to 0.138) | 0.083 (0.024 to 0.142) | 0.085 (0.026 to 0.144) |
| ICER | £5539 | £5031 | £4561 | £4266 |
| 95% CI | £2625 to £29 627 | £2412 to £22 520 | £2202 to £18 155 | £2059 to £15945 |
| % of bootstrapped ICERs <£20k | 95.7 | 97.0 | 97.9 | 98.4 |
| % of bootstrapped ICERs < £30k | 97.6 | 98.4 | 99.0 | 99.2 |
| Adjusted costs and QALYs‡ | ||||
| Incremental costs (95% CI) | £474 (£368 to £580) | £463 (£358 to £568) | £450 (£343 to £557) | £441 (£331 to £550) |
| Incremental QALYs (95% CI) | −0.009 (−0.041 to 0.023) | −0.007 (−0.038 to 0.025) | −0.005 (−0.036 to 0.027) | −0.003 (−0.035 to 0.029) |
| ICER | Dominated† | Dominated† | Dominated† | Dominated† |
| 95% CI | £21 695 to dominated† | £18 495 to dominated† | £15 908 to dominated† | £14 485 to dominated† |
| % of bootstrapped ICERs <£20k | 1.97 | 3.16 | 4.57 | 5.76 |
| % of bootstrapped ICERs <£30k | 5.05 | 6.98 | 9.42 | 11.54 |
ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; QALYs, quality-adjusted life years;
*One- year study follow-up period plus a 10-year model.
†The intervention is more costly and yield fewer QALYs than usual care.
‡Adjusting for the following baseline characteristics: age, gender, age×gender, country, total and HDL cholesterol, SBP, antihypertensive medications, smoking and diabetes.