Respondents’ characteristics and habits according to Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score; 0–15 (no/mild depressive symptoms), 16–23 (moderate depressive symptoms) and 24–60 (severe depressive symptoms)
| N | 0–15 | 16–23 | 24–60 | Combined | P value | |
| (n=2179) | (n=1057) | (n=909) | (n=4145) | |||
| Age | 4145 | 29/43/57 | 25/34/50 | 23/29/44 | 26/37/53 | <0.001 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 4145 | 53% (1165) | 70% (740) | 80% (729) | 64% (2634) | <0.001 |
| Male | 47% (1014) | 30% (317) | 20% (180) | 36% (1511) | ||
| Nationality | ||||||
| Other | 4145 | 1% (27) | 2% (17) | 1% (9) | 1% (53) | 0.464 |
| Italian | 99% (2152) | 98% (1040) | 99% (900) | 99% (4092) | ||
| Region | ||||||
| High COVID-19 incidence | 4135 | 45% (976) | 44% (464) | 48% (431) | 45% (1871) | 0.258 |
| Low COVID-19 incidence | 55% (1200) | 56% (589) | 52% (475) | 55% (2264) | ||
| Educational level | ||||||
| Secondary education | 4145 | 45% (976) | 44% (464) | 52% (476) | 46% (1916) | <0.001 |
| University education | 55% (1196) | 56% (593) | 47% (431) | 54% (2220) | ||
| Primary education | 0% (7) | 0% (0) | 0% (2) | 0% (9) | ||
| Working status | ||||||
| Active employee | 4145 | 73% (1583) | 67% (709) | 57% (521) | 68% (2813) | <0.001 |
| Unemployed/Retired/Homemaker | 16% (338) | 12% (130) | 12% (111) | 14% (579) | ||
| Student | 12% (258) | 21% (218) | 30% (277) | 18% (753) | ||
| House type | ||||||
| Multifamily house | 4145 | 63% (1369) | 68% (715) | 69% (628) | 65% (2712) | 0.001 |
| Single room apartment | 2% (40) | 2% (23) | 3% (25) | 2% (88) | ||
| Single-family house | 35% (770) | 30% (319) | 28% (256) | 32% (1345) | ||
| Garden | ||||||
| No | 4145 | 36% (781) | 44% (467) | 52% (475) | 42% (1723) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 64% (1398) | 56% (590) | 48% (434) | 58% (2422) | ||
| Nasopharyngeal swab | ||||||
| No | 2684 | 92% (1223) | 92% (612) | 95% (660) | 93% (2495) | 0.023 |
| Yes | 8% (106) | 8% (50) | 5% (33) | 7% (189) | ||
| Recent loss | ||||||
| No | 2665 | 90% (1194) | 89% (584) | 88% (606) | 89% (2384) | 0.277 |
| Yes | 10% (127) | 11% (73) | 12% (81) | 11% (281) | ||
| Living alone | ||||||
| No | 4145 | 89% (1937) | 89% (937) | 86% (778) | 88% (3652) | 0.029 |
| Yes | 11% (242) | 11% (120) | 14% (131) | 12% (493) | ||
| Pet | ||||||
| No | 4145 | 54% (1179) | 53% (565) | 52% (470) | 53% (2214) | 0.475 |
| Yes | 46% (1000) | 47% (492) | 48% (439) | 47% (1931) | ||
| Physical activity | ||||||
| No | 3991 | 53% (1123) | 56% (573) | 61% (531) | 56% (2227) | 0.001 |
| Yes | 47% (981) | 44% (445) | 39% (338) | 44% (1764) | ||
| Dietary habits (weekly consumption) | ||||||
| Pasta, rice, cereals | 3987 | 5/7/10 | 5/7/10 | 5/7/10 | 5/7/10 | 0.182 |
| Cereal-based products | 3984 | 3/7/7 | 4/7/7 | 4/7/7 | 3/7/7 | 0.135 |
| Raw meat | 3985 | 2/3/4 | 2/3/4 | 2/3/4 | 2/3/4 | 0.418 |
| Cured meat | 3981 | 1/2/3 | 1/2/3 | 1/2/3 | 1/2/3 | 0.243 |
| Fish | 3985 | 1/2/2 | 1/2/2 | 1/2/2 | 1/2/2 | 0.003 |
| Milk and yoghurt | 3982 | 1/7/7 | 2/7/7 | 2/7/7 | 2/7/7 | 0.309 |
| Milk-based products | 3984 | 2/3/5.25 | 2/3/5 | 1/3/5 | 2/3/5 | <0.001 |
| Fruit | 3985 | 5/7/12 | 3/7/10 | 3/7/10 | 4/7/10 | <0.001 |
| Dried fruit | 3981 | 0/2/5 | 0/2/5 | 0/1/4 | 0/2/5 | <0.001 |
| Vegetables | 3984 | 6/7/14 | 5/7/14 | 5/7/14 | 6/7/14 | 0.013 |
| Legumes | 3982 | 1/3/4 | 2/3/4 | 1/2/4 | 1/3/4 | 0.059 |
| Eggs | 3984 | 1/2/2 | 1/2/2 | 1/2/2 | 1/2/2 | 0.442 |
| Foods high in fat and sugar | 3980 | 1/3/6 | 2/4/7 | 2/4/7 | 2/3/7 | 0.008 |
| Soft drinks | 3979 | 0/0/1 | 0/0/1 | 0/0/1 | 0/0/1 | 0.002 |
| Alcoholic drinks (eg, wine, beer, spirits) | 3981 | 0/2/5 | 0/1/4 | 0/1/3 | 0/1/4 | <0.001 |
Data are percentages (absolute numbers) for categorical variables and I quartile/median/III quartile for continuous variables.