Table 4

Results of the multivariable models (proportional odds model for the ordinal responses with more than two categories, ie, CES-D and IES-R, logistic regression model for the binary response variable, ie, GHQ-12)

ORLower 0.95Upper 0.95
GHQ
Days from the start of the survey1.190.951.49
Gender: male versus female0.770.630.94
Region: low incidence versus high incidence0.870.721.06
Working status: unemployed/retired/homemaker versus active employee1.991.42.85
Working status: student versus active employee1.100.851.43
Physical activity: yes versus no0.560.460.69
CES-D
Days from the start of the survey1.381.001.89
Age0.390.320.48
Gender: male versus female0.460.390.55
Working status: unemployed/retired/homemaker versus active employee1.571.222.02
Working status: student versus active employee1.731.312.28
Garden: no versus yes1.721.462.01
Recent loss: yes versus no1.351.051.72
Living alone: yes versus no1.501.171.91
Physical activity: yes versus no0.640.550.75
IES-R
Days from the start of the survey1.030.751.42
Age0.670.580.78
Gender: male versus female0.300.250.37
Educational level: secondary versus university1.291.101.52
Educational level: primary versus university0.480.054.55
Garden: no versus yes1.551.331.82
Recent loss: yes versus no1.631.282.09
Physical activity: yes versus no0.720.610.84
  • For continuous variables, the effect is reported on the IQR, that is, 26–53 for age and 3–20 for days from the start of the survey. Results are reported as ORs (logistic regression) or proportional odds (proportional odds model), 95% CIs, p value (see online supplemental material).

  • CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; GHQ, General Health Questionnaire; IES-R, Impact of Event Scale-Revised.