Table 1

Eligibility criteria

Inclusion criteria	Full-text empirical journal articles.
	English language.
	Published in a peer-reviewed journal.
	The studies in the paper empirically investigated one or more behavioural intervention techniques that were considered nudges or were connected to the choice architecture literature by the original authors. These interventions are all clinician-directed (eg, nurses, doctors, residents, medical assistants), not patient-directed.
	The studies in the paper had behavioural outcome variables, not preferences or attitudes (eg, prescribing behaviour).
Exclusion criteria	Abstracts unavailable in the first-pass screen.
	Review articles, conference abstracts, textbooks, chapters and conference papers.
	Studies without a control group or baseline comparator.
	The studies in the paper applied interventions that restrict the freedom of choice of the target population, included significant economic incentives, ongoing education, complex decision support systems or consultation.