Overview of characteristics of included studies
| First author, year | Sample size (analysed) Duration (data collection points) | Condition | Key intervention detail | Medication adherence measure |
| Al-Haj Mohd, 201625 | 446 (446) 6 months (0 and 6 months) | T2DM | Multifaceted intervention strategy | Self-report (MMAS-8) |
| Barker-Collo, 201526 | 386 (326) 12 months (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months) | Stroke/TIA | Behavioural/educational | Self-report with crosscheck of pharmacy data |
| Boyne, 201427 | 382 (382) 12 months (0, 3, 6 and 12 months) | Heart failure | Telemonitoring/telemedicine | Self-report (European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale) |
| Buhse, 201728 | 279 (279) 6 months (0 and 6 months) | T2DM | Behavioural/educational | Pharmacy data Self-report (interview) |
| Caetano, 201829 | 709 (702) 6 months (0 and 6 months) | T2DM | Behavioural/educational | MAT scale |
| Cao, 201747 | 236 (236) 90 days (0, 30 and 90 days) | Coronary heart disease | Collaborative care | Self-report (MMAS-8) |
| Carrasquillo, 201730 | 300 (215) 12 months (0 and 12 months) | T2DM | Behavioural/educational | Self-report (MMAS-8) |
| Castellano, 201424 | 695 (594) 9 months (0, 1, 4 and 9 months) | Myocardial infarction | Simplification of drug regimen | Pill count Self-report (Morisky-Green-Levine Adherence Scale) |
| Chung, 201448 | 241 (241) 12 months (0, 4, 8 and 12 months) | T2DM | Multifaceted intervention strategy | Self-report—MMAS-8 (Revised Malaysian version) |
| Crowley, 201331 | 359 (329) 12 months (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months) | T2DM | Multifaceted intervention strategy | Self-report (Morisky-Green-Levine Adherence Scale) |
| Du, 201632 | 979 (964) 36 months (0 and 36 months) | Percutaneous coronary intervention | Multifaceted intervention strategy | Self-report (Morisky-Green-Levine Adherence Scale) |
| El-Touky, 201733 | 321 (276) 12 months (0, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months) | Acute coronary syndrome | Behavioural/educational intervention | Pill count |
| Graumlich, 201634 | 674 (674) 12 months (0, immediately postintervention, 3 and 6 months) | T2DM | Medication monitoring table | Self-report (PMAQ) |
| Hedegaard, 201535 | 211 (203) 12 months (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months) | Stroke/TIA | Multifaceted intervention strategy | Pharmacy data—MPR |
| Ho, 201436 | 253 (241) 12 months (0 and 12 months) | Acute coronary syndrome | Multifaceted intervention strategy | Pharmacy refill data |
| Jeong, 201837 | 338 (338) 24 weeks (0 and 24 weeks) | T2DM | Telemonitoring/telemedicine | Does not report |
| Jia, 201749 | 669 (669) 36 months (0, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 36 months) | Percutaneous coronary intervention | Intensified patient care | Self-report (Morisky-Green-Levine Adherence Scale) |
| Kronish, 201438 | 600 (600) 6 months (0 and 6 months) | Stroke/TIA | Behavioural/educational intervention | Self-report (MMAS-8) |
| Lin, 201750 | 288 (288) 18 months (0, 6, 12 and 18 months) | Coronary artery bypass grafting | Multifaceted intervention strategy | Self-report—MARS (5 item) |
| Marin, 201556 | 467 (459) 12 months (0 and 12 months) | T2DM | Personalised medication management | Self-report (Morisky-Green-Levine Adherence Scale) |
| Marquez-Contreras, 201839 | 726 (625) 18 months (0, 6 and 12 months) | Atrial fibrillation | Multifaceted intervention strategy | MEMs |
| Meng, 201423 | 471 (425) 12 months (admission, discharge, 6 and 12 months) | Coronary heart disease | Behavioural/educational intervention | Self-report—MARS-D |
| Meng, 201640 | 513 (449) 12 months (admission, discharge, 6 and 12 months) | Heart failure | Behavioural/educational intervention | Self-report—MARS-D |
| Peng, 201451 | 3821 (3330) 12 months (discharge, 6, 9 and 12 months) | Stroke/TIA | Behavioural/educational intervention | Does not report |
| Pladevall, 201541 | 1692 (1512) 18 months (0, 6, 12 and 18 months) | T2DM | Behavioural/educational intervention | Pharmacy data—PDC |
| Rinfret, 201342 | 300 (300) 12 months (0 and 12 months) | Percutaneous coronary intervention | Intensified patient care | Pharmacy refill data |
| Samtia, 201354 | 348 (348) 5 months (0 and 5 months) | T2DM | Behavioural/educational | Self-report |
| Schou, 201443 | 921 (920) 13–72 months (every 1–3 months) | Heart failure | Multifaceted intervention strategy | Pharmacy data—PDC |
| Schwalm, 201544 | 852 (852) 12 months (0, 3 and 12 months) | Myocardial infarction | Behavioural/educational | Self-report (Morisky-Green-Levine Adherence Scale) |
| Su, 201752 | 1275 (1187) 12 months (0 and 12 months) | Stroke/TIA | Multifaceted intervention strategy | Does not report |
| Vollmer, 201445 | 21 752 (21 752) 12 months (0 and 12 months) | T2DM and/or CVD | Telemonitoring/telemedicine | Pharmacy data—PDC |
| Volpp, 201746 | 1509 (1503) 12 months (0 and 12 months) | Myocardial infarction | Multifaceted intervention strategy | Pharmacy data—PDC |
| Xavier, 201655 | 805 (750) 12 months (0 and 12 months) | Acute coronary syndrome | Multifaceted intervention strategy | Pharmacy data—composite medical adherence score >80% |
| Xin, 201553 | 240 (227) 12 months (0 and 12 months) | T2DM | Behavioural/educational | Prescription refill claims Self-report (Morisky-Green-Levine Adherence Scale) |
CVD, cardiovascular disease; MARS-D, Medication Adherence Report Scale (German version); MAT, Measure of Adherence to Treatments; MEMs, Medical Event Monitoring Systems; MMAS-8, Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (8-item); 0 months, baseline; MPR, medication possession ratio; PDC, proportion of days covered; PMAQ, Patient Medication Adherence Questionnaire; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.