Table 2

Factors associated with job start for JSA clients

Variable	Unadjusted IRR (95% CI)*	P values	Adjusted IRR (95% CI)†	P values
Individual factors
Gender		<0.001		0.435
Male	1		1
Female	0.84 (0.80 to 0.89)		0.95 (0.89 to 1.02)
Length of prior unemployment		<0.001		<0.001
0–6 months	1		1
7–12 months	0.95 (0.85 to 1.05)		0.98 (0.88 to 1.09)
1–2 years	0.80 (0.72 to 0.88)		0.84 (0.76 to 0.93)
3–5 years	0.51 (0.45 to 0.58)		0.63 (0.56 to 0.72)
6–10 years	0.39 (0.34 to 0.44)		0.51 (0.44 to 0.58)
11+ years	0.26 (0.21 to 0.28)		0.39 (0.33 to 0.45)
Highest qualification		<0.001		<0.01
Degree or higher	1		1
A levels/NVQ level 3 and equivalent	0.83 (0.74 to 0.92)		0.95 (0.84 to 1.06)
Five or more GCSEs grades A*–C and equivalent	0.79 (0.71 to 0.89)		0.94 (0.84 to 1.06)
Under 5 GCSEs A*–C and equivalent	0.63 (0.56 to 0.70)		0.83 (0.74 to 0.93)
Below GSCE level	0.55 (0.49 to 0.61)		0.76 (0.68 to 0.85)
Ethnicity		<0.01		0.476
White British	1		1
Other	1.12 (1.03 to 1.21)		0.96 (0.88 to 1.04)
Have health concerns which believe will affect ability to work		<0.001		<0.001
No	1		1
Yes	0.41 (0.37 to 0.44)		0.64 (0.58 to 0.70)
Number of health conditions disclosed		<0.001		<0.001
0	1		1
1	0.66 (0.61 to 0.71)		0.88 (0.82 to 0.95)
2	0.46 (0.40 to 0.52)		0.76 (0.66 to 0.88)
3 or more	0.25 (0.20 to 0.32)		0.55 (0.43 to 0.71)
Client perception of job start—When do you see yourself starting work?		<0.001		<0.001
Within 1 month	1		1
2–3 months	0.81 (0.76 to 0.87)		0.83 (0.78 to 0.89)
4–6 months	0.55 (0.50 to 0.61)		0.65 (0.58 to 0.72)
>6 months	0.25 (0.21 to 0.31)		0.41 (0.34 to 0.50)
Do not know	0.49 (0.45 to 0.53)		0.64 (0.59 to 0.69)
Personal circumstances
Caring responsibility for anyone other than children		<0.001		<0.001
No	1		1
Yes	0.74 (0.64 to 0.85)		0.75 (0.66 to 0.86)
Housing status		<0.001		<0.001
Homeowner	1		1
Living with family	0.80 (0.69 to 0.92)		0.99 (0.86 to 1.14)
Rented private	0.80 (0.69 to 0.92)		1.00 (0.87 to 1.16)
Rented social	0.67 (0.59 to 0.76)		0.93 (0.81 to 1.07)
Insecure	0.41 (0.34 to 0.50)		0.65 (0.53 to 0.79)
Parental status		<0.01		0.505
No children	1		1
Children, two parent family	0.98 (0.88 to 1.09)		0.98 (0.87 to 1.09)
Children, shared custody/not living with you	0.83 (0.77 to 0.91)		0.93 (0.85 to 1.01)
Children, lone parent family	0.87 (0.79 to 0.96)		1.03 (0.94 to 1.14)
Children, adults living at home/adults not living at home	0.99 (0.88 to 1.11)		1.08 (0.96 to 1.21)
External factors
SIMD quintiles		<0.001		0.145
1 (most deprived)	1		1
2	1.08 (1.01 to 1.15)		1.03 (0.97 to 1.11)
3	1.06 (0.98 to 1.15)		1.00 (0.92 to 1.09)
4	1.26 (1.14 to 1.40)		1.10 (0.99 to 1.22)
5 (least deprived)	1.42 (1.26 to 1.61)		1.12 (0.99 to 1.28)
Sixfold urban rural classification		<0.05		0.069
1 Large urban areas	1		1
2 Other urban areas	0.96 (0.90 to 1.01)		0.94 (0.89 to 1.00)
3 Accessible small towns	1.00 (0.90 to 1.11)		1.02 (0.91 to 1.13)
4 Remote small towns	0.66 (0.54 to 0.82)		0.73 (0.59 to 0.91)
5 Accessible rural	0.99 (0.86 to 1.14)		0.98 (0.85 to 1.13)
6 Remote rural	0.82 (0.64 to 1.05)		0.76 (0.59 to 0.97)

Linear trends are shown for length of unemployment, highest qualification, number of health conditions and SIMD quintiles. All other variables show overall trend.
*Model contained age and gender.
†Model adjusted for age, gender, length of unemployment, highest qualification, ethnicity, health concerns, number of health conditions, client perception of job start, caring responsibility, housing status, parental status, SIMD quintiles and sixfold urban rural classification.
GCSE, General Certificate of Secondary Education; IRR, incident rate ratios; JSA, Jobseeker’s Allowance; SIMD, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation.