Table 8

Narrative analysis summary of findings for group 2 primary outcome measures

Category	Outcome	Assessment point	Study	Intervention group % change from baseline			Control group % change from baseline
Category	Outcome	Assessment point	Study	M	SD	N	M	SD	N
Muscle strength	Isometric knee extensor strength (Nm)	6 months	Verschueren et al, 201136	+3.01	2.67	28	+0.11	3.18	28
Muscle power	Sit-to-stand transfer power (W)	12 weeks	Drey et al, 201133	+8.99*	5.51	23	+2.61	2.49	22
Muscle power	Functional stair climbing muscle power (W)	12 months	Gianoudis et al, 201434	+10.40*	13.00	81	+6.20	12.70	81
Muscle function	30 s sit-to-stand (n. stands)	12 months	Gianoudis et al, 201434	+18.30*	23.60	81	+2.70	17.2	81
	5-time chair stand time (s)	24 months	Uusi-Rasi et al, 201521	−6.95	2.50	102	−3.49	3.30	102
	Normal walking speed (m/s)	24 months	Uusi-Rasi et al, 201521	−1.80	0.20	102	−3.30	0.21	102
	Endurance: 12 min walk (m)	9 months	Bunout et al, 200632	+8.80	17.60	22	+20.90	27.70	24
Balance	Romberg ratio (%)	9 months	Bunout et al, 200632	+2.80	33.80	22	−0.60	35.80
	Four-square step test (s)	12 months	Gianoudis et al, 201434	−12.00*	14.10	81	−5.20	14.90	81
	Body sway (cm)	32 weeks	Jessup et al, 200335	−26.39*	0.52	9	+2.90	0.49	9
	Backwards walking (% able to complete)	24 months	Uusi-Rasi et al, 201521	+25.47*	13.59	102	+9.48	15.58	102

Group 2 compared vitamin D₃ supplementation and exercise training vs vitamin D₃ supplementation alone.
* p < 0.05