Table 1

Examples of the variety of progression criteria described in RCTs with an internal pilot phase

Progression criteria
Name of RCT, yearTrial objectiveRecruitmentProtocol adherenceOutcome dataOther
KORAL,14 2010Multicentre RCT to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of arthroscopic lavage for osteoarthritis of the knee
  • Proportion of eligible patients randomised, reasons for refusals

Not applicable/not specifiedNot applicable/not specifiedNot applicable/ not specified
SUN(^_^)D,15 2012Multicentre RCT to evaluate the strategic use of new generation antidepressants for depression
  • Demographic and clinical characteristics of screened and enrolled patients

  • Randomisation success

  • Whether interventions as stipulated in the protocol are adhered to

  • Whether blinding had been successfully implemented

  • Whether assessments are made with satisfactory follow-up rates

  • Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of primary outcomes

  • Safety aspects

EUROTHERM-3235,16 2013Multicentre RCT to evaluate therapeutic hypothermia for traumatic brain injury
  • Feasibility of recruitment (sites and patients)

  • Patient eligibility—previous observational studies had predicted that 50% of patients would be eligible

  • Feasibility of the protocol, in particular the effectiveness of delivery of the cooling protocol

Not applicable/not specifiedNot applicable/ not specified
TasP,17 2013Cluster-randomised community-based RCT to evaluate the impact of immediate vs WHO recommendations-guided antiretroviral therapy initiation on HIV incidence
  • Evidence that adequate statistical power for the trial will be achieved based on a number of parameters, including: baseline HIV prevalence; HIV incidence

  • Evidence that adequate statistical power will be achieved based on various parameters, including: initial and repeated HIV testing uptake; antiretroviral therapy uptake; proportion of participants who know their HIV status and who disclose their HIV status; migration between and out of clusters

Not applicable/not specified
  • Evidence that adequate statistical power for the trial will be achieved based on a number of parameters, including extent of sexual partnerships with people outside trial setting

 
Progression criteria
Name of RCT, yearTrial objectiveRecruitmentProtocol adherenceCompleteness and quality of outcome dataOther
By-Band-Sleeve,18 2014Multicentre RCT to compare the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and adjustable gastric band surgery to treat severe and complex obesity
  • 60% of patients referred for bariatric surgery to be eligible for the trial (if necessary, revising the eligibility criteria)

  • Initially, 30% and then 50% of patients consent to randomisation

  • <5% failure to receive allocated intervention

  • <15% lost to follow-up

Not applicable/ not specified
COMMANDO,19 2014Multicentre RCT to treat childhood obesity in the community using Mandolean therapy (a portable food weighing scale that provides feedback to participants to promote normal patterns of eating and satiety)
  • Recruitment of ≥36 families who would be eligible for the main study

  • 90% of patients randomised to Mandolean therapy would be successfully eating off the device at least five times a week

  • ≥80% would attend the 3-month nurse appointment for both study groups

  • ≥60% of those using Mandolean therapy would demonstrate a decrease in speed of meal consumption (longer meals) since baseline within 3 months of starting therapy

NERVES,20 2014Multicentre RCT to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of transforaminal epidural steroid injection to surgical microdisectomy for acute sciatica
  • Recruitment of ≥30 patients in 6 months

  • Consent rate of ≥40%

  • ≤20% failure to receive the alternative intervention

  • <50% of patients in injection group proceed to surgery

Not applicable/ not specified
PLINY,21 2014Multicentre RCT to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of telephone befriending to maintain quality of life in older people
  • Recruitment of ≥68 participants in 95 days

  • Service provider (a national charity) should recruit, train and retain enough volunteers to deliver the telephone befriending service

  • Collect valid primary outcome data for 56 (80%) of those recruited at the 6 month follow-up

Not applicable/ not specified
Sheffield physical activity ‘Booster’,22 2014Single-centre community-based RCT to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of ‘booster’ interventions to sustain increased physical activity in middle-aged adults in 55 deprived urban neighbourhoods
  • 60 participants recruited

  • ≥70% of those randomised to Booster interventions receive interventions per protocol

  • ≥75% of those recruited to provide 3 months follow-up measures, including primary outcome measure

Not applicable/ not specified
TARVA,23 2014Multi-centre RCT to compare the clinical and cost-effectiveness of total ankle replacement vs ankle arthrodesis
  • 33 patients (10% of total target recruitment randomised in 6 months)

  • 82 patients (25% of total sample size) recruited in 15 months

  • Patient willingness to be randomised

  • Surgeon willingness to randomise

  • Whether requiring surgical competence in both procedures limits recruitment

Not applicable/ not specifiedNot applicable/ not specifiedNot applicable/ not specified
VIOLET,24 2015Multicentre RCT to compare video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy vs conventional open lobectomy for lung cancer
  • 20 eligible patients screened per month

  • 30% of eligible patients recruited initially, increasing to 50% within 6 months at each centre

Not applicable/ not specifiedNot applicable/ not specifiedNot applicable/ not specified
  • ‘Not applicable/not specified’: no formal progression criteria proposed or detailed in trial report(s).

  • RCT, randomised controlled trial.