Scores for habitual eating behaviour in day workers and rotating shift workers
| Normal | Day workers | Shift workers | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Ref. 23) | n=39 | n=123 | Cohen's d | p Values | |
| Cognition of constitution*† (points) | 14 | 14.3±3.4 | 13.6±3.7 | –0.19 | 0.328 |
| Motivation for eating‡§ (points) | 18 | 19.5±4.9 | 18.8±5.6 | –0.13 | 0.384 |
| Eating as a diversion‡¶ (points) | 7 | 7.4±2.4 | 7.1±2.9 | –0.11 | 0.310 |
| Feeling of satiety‡ (points) | 10 | 10.9±3.1 | 11.3±3.2 | 0.13 | 0.427 |
| Eating style‡ (points) | 9 | 9.8±3.5 | 9.7±3.6 | –0.03 | 0.629 |
| Meal contents‡ (points) | 12 | 13.9±3.9 | 15.6±4.5 | 0.39 | 0.045 |
| Temporal eating patterns‡** (points) | 16 | 16.5±4.5 | 19.5±4.8 | 0.63 | 0.001 |
Values are means±SD.
Higher scores indicate more improper eating behaviour in terms of a higher probability of obesity: Cognition of weight and constitution, having false recognition of and assumptions about reasons for weight gain; Motivation for eating, having behavioural factors which can induce over-eating; Eating as a diversion, being subject to psychological factors which increase appetite (ie, perceived mental stress); Feeling of satiety, being prone to have an appetite and to eat as much as possible; Eating style, being prone to eat fast; Meal contents, having a preference for a high fat diet and sweets (eg, confectioneries and sweet buns); Temporal eating patterns, irregularity of timing and number of meals taken during the day and delay in timing of meals.
*t-test.
‡Mann-Whitney U test.
§Shift workers, n=122.
¶Day workers, n=38.
**Shift workers, n=119.