Differential characteristics of patients with high risk IM (ie, OLGIM II–IV)
| Factors | No IM (N=1659) | OLGIM I (N=906) | OLGIM II–IV (N=415) | P value |
| Early gastric neoplasia (EGN) | 3 (0.2) | 3 (0.2) | 15 (3.6) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | ||||
| Mean age | 58.2±6.3 | 60.5±7 | 62.0±7.4 | <0.001 |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 791 (47.7) | 455 (50.2) | 193 (46.5) | 0.345 |
| Male | 868 (52.3) | 451 (49.8) | 222 (53.5) | |
| Low SES* | ||||
| No | 1318 (79.4) | 651 (71.9) | 276 (66.5) | <0.001 |
| Yes | 341 (20.6) | 255 (28.1) | 139 (33.5) | |
| Smoking (pack years)† | ||||
| 0 | 1311 (79.0) | 710 (78.4) | 297 (71.6) | 0.01 |
| 0–20 | 194 (11.7) | 119 (13.1) | 62 (14.9) | |
| ≥20 | 154 (9.3) | 77 (8.5) | 56 (13.5) | |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| Absent | 1386 (83.5) | 760 (83.9) | 325 (78.3) | 0.101 |
| Present | 249 (15.0) | 135 (14.9) | 81 (19.5) | |
| First-degree family history of GC | ||||
| Absent | 1423 (85.8) | 793 (87.5) | 342 (82.4) | 0.046 |
| Present | 236 (14.2) | 113 (12.5) | 73 (17.6) | |
| History of HP infection | ||||
| Absent | 1042 (62.8) | 378 (41.7) | 137 (33.0) | <0.001 |
| Present | 617 (37.2) | 528 (58.3) | 278 (67.0) | |
| History of gastric ulcer | ||||
| Absent | 1460 (88.0) | 750 (82.8) | 335 (80.7) | <0.001 |
| Present | 199 (12.0) | 156 (17.2) | 80 (19.3) | |
| Atrophic gastritis | ||||
| Absent | 1509 (91.0) | 616 (68.0) | 161 (38.8) | <0.001 |
| Present | 150 (9.0) | 290 (32.0) | 254 (61.2) |
*Low socioeconomic status (SES) is defined as the person has either low education level (primary or below) or the monthly income is below S$1500.
†The amount of smoking in pack years, which is the number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day multiplied by the number of years of smoking.
GC, gastric cancer; HP, H. pylori; IM, intestinal metaplasia; OLGIM, Operative Link on Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia.