Characteristics of included studies
| Author | Country | Sample size (intervention vs control) | Duration (months) | Intervention | Control | Participants’ age (years) | Sex (male, %) | BMI (kg/m2) | Body weight (kg) |
| Dong et al27 | China | 260 (130 vs 130) | 24 | Telephone visit+dietary and physical activity counselling | Standard care | 57.9 | 100.0 | 25.5 | 75.9 |
| Fard et al26 | Iran | 60 (30 vs 30) | 3 | Telephone visit+dietary and physical activity counselling | Standard care | 40.3 | 73.3 | 28.8 | 83.8 |
| Axley et al28 | USA | 30 (17 vs 13) | 6 | Text message+dietary and physical activity counselling | Standard care | 52.0 | 53.0 | 36.0 | 104.3 |
| Ghodsbin et al35 | Iran | 60 (30 vs 30) | 3 | Telephone+dietary and physical activity counselling | Standard care | 39.3 | 76.3 | N/A | N/A |
| Mazzotti et al17 | Italy | 716 (278 vs 438) | 3 | Web-based (group intervention) | Standard care | 51.6 | 53.5 | 33.4 | 94.5 |
| Lim et al29 | Singapore | 108 (55 vs 53) | 6 | Mobile phone application+dietary and physical activity counselling | Standard care | 46.2 | 68.0 | 30.8 | 86.1 |
| Policarpo et al32 | Portugal | 55 (27 vs 28) | 3 | Video or phone+dietary and physical activity counselling | Standard care | 54.2 | 40.0 | 27.9 | 78.3 |
| Stine et al31 | USA | 24 (16 vs 8) | 5 | Mobile phone application+dietary and physical activity counselling | Standard care | 50.0 | 39.0 | 34.3 | 102.1 |
| Stine et al30 | USA | 36 (18 vs 18) | 4 | Mobile phone application+dietary and physical activity counselling | Standard care | 52.0 | 25.0 | 35.5 | 101.3 |
| Tincopa et al34 | USA | 70 (N/A) | 6 | Mobile phone application+email | Standard care | 52.1 | 47.1 | 32.3 | N/A |
| Kwon et al33 | Korea | 102 (48 vs 54) | 6 | Mobile phone application+dietary and physical activity counselling | Standard care | 48.9 | 62.0 | 29.8 | 83.9 |
BMI, body mass index; N/A, not available.